本文選題：光鹵石 + 氯化鉀　； 參考：《天津科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：氯化鉀是重要的鉀鹽資源,應(yīng)用范圍十分廣泛,其產(chǎn)品主要分為農(nóng)業(yè)用氯化鉀和工業(yè)用氯化鉀兩大類。工業(yè)方面,氯化鉀可以作為制造其它鉀鹽的原料,同時是制造焰火、火藥等的重要原料,又是電解氯化鎂制取金屬時的電解液成分之一；農(nóng)業(yè)方面,氯化鉀用于配制復(fù)合肥料或者用作鉀肥直接使用。在農(nóng)業(yè)上用作鉀肥,是速效性鉀肥,是作物生長必需的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì),可以做基肥和追肥使用�？v觀氯化鉀市場,農(nóng)用氯化鉀需求潛力巨大,工業(yè)級氯化鉀市場需求穩(wěn)定,未來將呈現(xiàn)產(chǎn)需兩旺的局面。沿海地區(qū)生產(chǎn)氯化鉀主要利用光鹵石冷分解的方法。該工序是將光鹵石加水分解、洗滌、經(jīng)離心分離后得到氯化鉀產(chǎn)品,其母液再經(jīng)蒸發(fā)濃縮結(jié)晶等過程生產(chǎn)氯化鎂產(chǎn)品。在生產(chǎn)過程中加水量的多少不僅影響著氯化鉀的收率和純度,同時也影響著氯化鎂生產(chǎn)的能耗。本研究利用漢沽鹽場提供的光鹵石為原料,主要研究內(nèi)容有以下方面：通過與目前常用的冷分解生產(chǎn)氯化鉀工藝過程進(jìn)行了對比研究,分析探討了光鹵石加水分解制備氯化鉀的工藝參數(shù),得出光鹵石較佳的加水分解條件為：反應(yīng)溫度為75℃,分解水量為1.1倍理論水量,此時氯化鉀收率為69.97%,產(chǎn)品純度高達(dá)97.57%。該條件與目前的冷分解法(25℃)相比,加水量可減少13.36%,液相中氯化鎂含量可增加2.33%。動力學(xué)研究可以為結(jié)晶器設(shè)計和結(jié)晶過程的優(yōu)化提供重要依據(jù),本課題采用間歇動態(tài)法研究了K+,Mg2+//Cl-—H2O體系中氯化鉀的結(jié)晶動力學(xué),運(yùn)用粒度無關(guān)生長模型和矩量變換法處理實驗數(shù)據(jù),分別建立了高溫下氯化鉀的成核速率和生長速率方程,為氯化鉀在高溫下的結(jié)晶過程提供理論依據(jù)。研究了高溫下制備氯化鉀過程中氯化鉀產(chǎn)品粒度的影響因素,通過對加料速率、添加晶種、過飽和度、攪拌強(qiáng)度等各個因素進(jìn)行研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)這些因素都對氯化鉀晶體的生長有重要影響作用：降低加料速率、降低過飽和度、添加晶種、降低攪拌強(qiáng)度、升高結(jié)晶溫度,均對晶體粒度尺寸增大有利。
[Abstract]:Potassium chloride is an important resource of potassium salt, which is widely used in many fields. Its products can be divided into two categories: agricultural potassium chloride and industrial potassium chloride. In industry, potassium chloride can be used as a raw material for the manufacture of other potassium salts, as well as an important raw material for the manufacture of fireworks, gunpowder, etc. It is also one of the electrolytic components in the electrolysis of magnesium chloride to produce metals; in agriculture, Potassium chloride is used as a compound fertilizer or as a potassium fertilizer for direct use. As potash fertilizer in agriculture, it is an available potash fertilizer and a necessary nutrient for crop growth. It can be used as base fertilizer and topdressing fertilizer. Looking at the market of potassium chloride, the demand potential of agricultural potassium chloride is great, the demand of industrial grade potassium chloride market is stable, and the situation of production and demand will be prosperous in the future. The method of cold decomposition of carnallite is used to produce potassium chloride in coastal area. In this process, carnallite is decomposed with water, washed, separated by centrifugation to produce potassium chloride product, and its mother liquor is then evaporated, concentrated and crystallized to produce magnesium chloride product. The amount of water added in the production process not only affects the yield and purity of potassium chloride, but also affects the energy consumption of magnesium chloride production. In this study, carnallite from Hangu Salt Farm was used as raw material. The main contents of this study were as follows: compared with the commonly used process of cold decomposition to produce potassium chloride, The technological parameters for the preparation of potassium chloride from carnallite by water decomposition were analyzed and discussed. The optimum conditions for water decomposition of carnallite were as follows: the reaction temperature was 75 鈩，

本文編號：1805160