發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-13 08:41

  本文選題：凈水技術(shù) + 納濾膜��； 參考：《蘇州科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究表明,銻對(duì)人體存在累積的毒性和致癌性。目前,國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)凈水中銻的深度去除方面的研究還很匱乏。并且,水源地出現(xiàn)突發(fā)性水污染,污染負(fù)荷超出預(yù)處理設(shè)施的承載能力,凈水處理工藝作為臨時(shí)的應(yīng)急對(duì)策和“二道防線”,能否有效去除水中的銻及其他污染物,保障飲用水安全,尚缺乏深入研究。鑒于上述問(wèn)題,本研究開展了兩個(gè)方面的研究?jī)?nèi)容:(1)不同工藝對(duì)凈水中銻的深度處理效果研究;(2)不同工藝對(duì)水源地污染水中銻和其他污染物的去除效果研究。所得結(jié)論如下:(1)不同工藝對(duì)凈水中銻的去除效果有明顯差異。對(duì)三價(jià)銻的去除效果看,以反滲透最優(yōu)、其次納濾濾芯、再其次為超濾,最后為活性碳棒濾芯;對(duì)五價(jià)銻的去除效果看,反滲透和納濾濾芯效果最佳,其次為碳棒,最后為超濾。根據(jù)膜的特性以及參數(shù),確認(rèn)反滲透膜為性價(jià)比最優(yōu)的去除銻之凈水工藝,在過(guò)水量1000 L的條件下,三價(jià)銻和五價(jià)銻去除效率分別高達(dá)94%和97%。(2)不同工藝對(duì)水源地污染水中銻和其他污染物的去除效果有明顯差異。碳棒、碳纖維、超濾膜、納濾膜、反滲透膜、納濾膜+碳纖維及反滲透膜+碳棒銻去除效率分別為28.7%、13.5%、7.3%、98.5%、99.0%、99.2%和99.2%。從耗氧量去除效率來(lái)看,納濾膜、反滲透膜、納濾膜+碳纖維和反滲透膜+碳棒效果明顯,然而超濾膜對(duì)耗氧量?jī)艋Ч^差,去除率僅為2.9%。碳棒、碳纖維、反滲透膜、納濾膜+碳纖維和反滲透膜+碳棒在氨氮去除方面表現(xiàn)出較好效果,納濾膜次之,但超濾膜對(duì)于氨氮去除幾乎沒(méi)有效果,去除率僅為1.3%。從六價(jià)鉻去除效果來(lái)看,反滲透膜與反滲透膜+碳棒最為突出,碳棒的六價(jià)鉻去除能力隨過(guò)水量的增大有所下降,最終去除率為75.9%,碳纖維、超濾膜、納濾膜和納濾膜+碳纖維六價(jià)鉻去除效果相對(duì)較差。(3)以水源地水中銻、耗氧量、氨氮和六價(jià)鉻為觀測(cè)指標(biāo),引入熵權(quán)系數(shù)評(píng)價(jià)模型,對(duì)不同凈化技術(shù)方案進(jìn)行優(yōu)選和評(píng)價(jià)。若以除銻效果為主要導(dǎo)向,兼顧其他指標(biāo),則綜合凈化效果最優(yōu)的技術(shù)方案為反滲透膜+碳棒,次優(yōu)方案為反滲透膜,超濾膜凈化效果較差。
[Abstract]:Studies at home and abroad show that antimony has cumulative toxicity and carcinogenicity to human body.At present, the research on the deep removal of antimony in purified water at home and abroad is still very scarce.Moreover, sudden water pollution occurs in the water source area, the pollution load exceeds the carrying capacity of the pretreatment facility. As a temporary emergency countermeasure and "two lines of defense", the clean water treatment process can effectively remove antimony and other pollutants in the water.To ensure the safety of drinking water, there is still a lack of in-depth research.In view of the above problems, this study carried out two aspects of research contents: 1) the effects of different processes on the advanced treatment of antimony in purified water; 2) the effect of different processes on the removal of antimony and other pollutants in polluted water from source water.The results are as follows: (1) the removal efficiency of antimony in water treated by different processes is obviously different.For the removal effect of antimony trivalent, reverse osmosis is the best, nanofiltration is second, ultrafiltration is followed by activated carbon rod filter, and the removal effect of pentavalent antimony is the best for reverse osmosis and nanofiltration, followed by carbon rod.Finally, ultrafiltration.According to the characteristics and parameters of the membrane, the reverse osmosis membrane is confirmed to be the best water purification process for removing antimony with a performance-to-price ratio of 1000 L.The removal efficiency of antimony trivalent and pentavalent antimony is as high as 94% and 97% respectively.The removal efficiency of antimony in carbon rod, carbon fiber, ultrafiltration membrane, nanofiltration membrane, reverse osmosis membrane, carbon fiber membrane and reverse osmosis membrane is 28.713.5% and 7.398.5% respectively.According to the removal efficiency of oxygen consumption, nanofiltration membrane, reverse osmosis membrane, carbon fiber and carbon rod of reverse osmosis membrane were effective, but the removal rate of ultrafiltration membrane was only 2.9%.Carbon rod, carbon fiber, reverse osmosis membrane, nanofiltration membrane carbon fiber and reverse osmosis membrane carbon rod showed better results in ammonia nitrogen removal, followed by nanofiltration membrane, but ultrafiltration membrane had little effect on ammonia nitrogen removal, the removal rate was only 1.3%.From the point of view of hexavalent chromium removal effect, reverse osmosis membrane and reverse osmosis membrane carbon rod are the most outstanding. The removal capacity of hexavalent chromium decreases with the increase of overflowing water, and the final removal rate is 75.9. carbon fiber, ultrafiltration membrane, carbon fiber, ultrafiltration membrane, carbon fiber, carbon fiber, ultrafiltration membrane,The removal efficiency of hexavalent chromium by nanofiltration membrane and carbon fiber is relatively poor. (3) taking antimony, oxygen consumption, ammonia nitrogen and hexavalent chromium in water source water as observation indexes, entropy weight coefficient evaluation model is introduced to optimize and evaluate different purification technology schemes.If the antimony removal effect is taken as the main direction and other indexes are taken into account, the best technical scheme of comprehensive purification effect is reverse osmosis membrane carbon rod, the sub-optimal scheme is reverse osmosis membrane, and the purification effect of ultrafiltration membrane is poor.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU991.2;X52

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