本文選題：油砂瀝青　切入點(diǎn)：熱堿水分離　出處：《中國科學(xué)院大學(xué)(中國科學(xué)院廣州地球化學(xué)研究所)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：油砂是一種重要的非常規(guī)油氣資源。開采利用油砂資源以及實(shí)現(xiàn)油砂的大規(guī)模工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)對于緩解我國能源供給緊張的局面有非常重要的意義。油砂資源利用的關(guān)鍵問題是瀝青的回收。油砂瀝青的回收方法有很多種,目前針對水潤性油砂分離最常用的是熱堿水分離法,其回收率受很多因素的影響,包括溫度、pH值、通氣量、添加助劑等外部因素和巖性及瀝青性質(zhì)等內(nèi)部因素。對于油砂熱堿水萃取分離的外部影響因素的研究已經(jīng)取得了一定的認(rèn)識,然而,關(guān)于內(nèi)部影響因素的研究則鮮見報道。本研究將中國油砂資源狀況和加拿大油砂資源進(jìn)行了對比,并對中國不同地區(qū)油砂的地球化學(xué)特征進(jìn)行了分析。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)中國油砂資源在分布特征、油砂含油率、油砂固體礦物組成上與加拿大相比有很大的差異。中國不同地區(qū)油砂固體礦物組成比較復(fù)雜,粘土礦物的含量較高,且不同地區(qū)油砂瀝青油的族組成也有很大的差別,尤其是瀝青質(zhì)的含量差別很大。本論文在油砂中瀝青與礦物作用機(jī)理及分離過程中制約因素研究的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步研究巖性因素和瀝青性質(zhì)對油砂熱堿水分離效果的影響。通過控制變量法和一系列的室內(nèi)正交及配伍實(shí)驗,定量研究了油砂中礦物的種類、粒度、礦物含量的差異以及瀝青性質(zhì)對油砂熱堿水分離法分離效果的影響。通過老化實(shí)驗研究發(fā)現(xiàn),瀝青老化室內(nèi)模擬實(shí)驗的合理老化時間在20 d左右,而且油砂潤濕性嚴(yán)重影響油砂熱堿水分離效率。相對于油潤性油砂,水潤性的油砂更適合采用熱堿水分離技術(shù)。實(shí)驗結(jié)果為后期研究巖性因素以及瀝青性質(zhì)對瀝青回收率的影響優(yōu)選了實(shí)驗條件。本論文研究結(jié)果顯示,對于水潤性油砂,油砂礦的巖性特征會對油砂熱堿水的分離效率產(chǎn)生一定的影響。油砂固體礦物中,礦物顆粒粒徑大小的差異、礦物成分的差異、礦物含量的差異都會影響瀝青的回收率。油砂固體礦物顆粒粒徑越小,瀝青的浮選效果越差,油砂瀝青開采的工業(yè)價值也隨之降低。當(dāng)油砂礦中存在大量粒徑小于44μm的礦物顆粒時,瀝青的浮選效果很差。油砂固體礦物中粘土礦物的類型發(fā)生變化,瀝青的回收率也會受到影響,不同粘土礦物成分對油砂分離效率的影響不同。另外,粘土礦物的含量越高,油砂瀝青的回收率越低;當(dāng)粘土礦物的含量大于15%時,油砂熱堿水分離的效率會明顯降低。蒙脫石、伊利石、綠泥石三種粘土礦物中,蒙脫石含量的變化對油砂熱堿水分離效率的影響最為顯著。油砂瀝青油中瀝青質(zhì)的含量也會影響浮選瀝青的回收率,瀝青質(zhì)的含量越高,浮選瀝青的含量越低。在對中國各地區(qū)典型油砂樣品的巖性特征和瀝青性質(zhì)研究的基礎(chǔ)上,本論文研究成果可以為我國以后油砂資源的開采利用提供理論基礎(chǔ)和技術(shù)儲備。
[Abstract]:Oil sand is an important unconventional oil and gas resource.Exploitation and utilization of oil sand resources and realization of large-scale industrialized production of oil sands are of great significance for alleviating the shortage of energy supply in China.The key problem of oil sand resource utilization is the recovery of asphalt.There are many kinds of recovery methods for oil sand bitumen. At present, the most commonly used method for oil sand separation is hot alkali water separation. The recovery rate is affected by many factors, including temperature and pH value, aeration volume, etc.The addition of additives and other external factors and lithology and asphalt properties and other internal factors.Some knowledge has been made on the external factors affecting the extraction and separation of oil sands from hot alkali water. However, there are few reports on the internal influencing factors.In this study, the oil sand resources in China and Canada are compared, and the geochemical characteristics of oil sands in different regions of China are analyzed.It is found that the distribution characteristics, oil content and solid mineral composition of oil sands in China are different from those in Canada.The composition of oil sand solid minerals in different regions of China is quite complex, and the content of clay minerals is relatively high, and the group composition of oil sand asphalt oil is also very different in different regions, especially the content of asphaltene.Based on the study of the mechanism of bitumen and mineral interaction in oil sands and the restrictive factors in the separation process, the effects of lithologic factors and asphalt properties on the thermal alkali water separation of oil sands are further studied in this paper.By means of variable control method and a series of laboratory orthogonal and compatibility experiments, the effects of mineral types, particle size, mineral content and asphalt properties on the separation of oil sands by alkali water separation were studied quantitatively.It is found that the reasonable aging time of asphalt aging laboratory is about 20 days, and the wettability of oil sand seriously affects the efficiency of thermal alkali water separation of oil sand.Compared with the oil sand, the oil sand with water moisturization is more suitable for the separation of hot alkali and water.The experimental results show that the experimental conditions are optimized for the later study of lithologic factors and the effect of asphalt properties on asphalt recovery.The results of this paper show that the lithologic characteristics of oil sands have a certain influence on the separation efficiency of thermal alkali water for oil sands.The difference of particle size, mineral composition and mineral content will affect the recovery rate of bitumen.The smaller the particle size of oil sand, the worse the flotation effect of asphalt, and the lower the industrial value of oil sand asphalt mining.When a large number of mineral particles with diameter less than 44 渭 m exist in oil sands, the flotation effect of asphalt is very poor.The types of clay minerals in oil sands change and the recovery rate of bitumen is affected. Different clay minerals have different effects on the separation efficiency of oil sands.In addition, the higher the content of clay minerals, the lower the recovery of oil sand asphalt, and when the content of clay mineral is more than 15, the efficiency of thermal alkali water separation of oil sand will be obviously reduced.Among the three clay minerals, montmorillonite, Illite and chlorite, the change of montmorillonite content has the most significant effect on the thermal alkali water separation efficiency of oil sands.The content of asphaltene in oil sand asphalt oil will also affect the recovery of flotation asphalt. The higher the content of asphaltene is, the lower the content of flotation asphalt is.Based on the study of the lithologic characteristics and asphalt properties of typical oil sand samples in various regions of China, the research results in this paper can provide a theoretical basis and technical reserve for the exploitation and utilization of oil sand resources in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院大學(xué)(中國科學(xué)院廣州地球化學(xué)研究所)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TE62

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