本文選題：碳足跡　切入點(diǎn)：LCA　出處：《太原理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：農(nóng)業(yè)活動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的溫室氣體已成為全球溫室氣體的主要來(lái)源之一,本文通過(guò)探究適合于我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)條件的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品碳足跡評(píng)估方法和碳標(biāo)簽評(píng)測(cè)制度,以期為我國(guó)碳足跡評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、碳標(biāo)簽評(píng)測(cè)體系建立及低碳農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展提供技術(shù)和理論支撐。本研究的主要內(nèi)容和結(jié)論如下:1.利用生命周期評(píng)價(jià)(LCA)方法評(píng)估農(nóng)產(chǎn)品碳足跡時(shí),先對(duì)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行分類,根據(jù)不同的評(píng)估要求選擇相應(yīng)的功能單位和系統(tǒng)邊界,再分析不同類別的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的碳源和碳匯,根據(jù)碳源、碳匯量的計(jì)算方法求出農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的碳足跡;通過(guò)LCA方法評(píng)估碳足跡可以清楚地得出產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的溫室氣體排放,分析對(duì)比找出農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)高碳環(huán)節(jié)和高碳來(lái)源,有針對(duì)性的實(shí)行減排。相比于國(guó)外的一些計(jì)算方法,本研究力求尋找更適合我國(guó)生產(chǎn)條件和環(huán)境要素的計(jì)算方法及參數(shù),因此選取的參數(shù)主要采用我國(guó)的一些數(shù)據(jù)和研究成果;2.利用LCA方法評(píng)估北京市金叵羅村小米產(chǎn)品碳足跡,并使用HTML語(yǔ)言,利用Java Script框架(j Query)及Echart圖表插件設(shè)計(jì)了簡(jiǎn)易的小米碳足跡計(jì)算工具,得到了整個(gè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程不同生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)的溫室氣體排放,其中小米產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的溫室氣體排放量為513.75 kg CO_2eq?畝~(-1),主要來(lái)自于施肥環(huán)節(jié),占到總排放的97.53%,播種、收割、翻耕過(guò)程的碳排放量相接近;三種溫室氣體中,N2O的排放量最大,為448.57 kg CO_2eq?畝~(-1),占總排放的87.31%;施肥過(guò)程中溫室氣體主要由施用有機(jī)糞肥產(chǎn)生,占施肥過(guò)程總排放的91.62%;而在直接和間接排放中,直接排放的貢獻(xiàn)率最大,為N2O總排放的70.18%;農(nóng)田土壤的碳匯量為432.19 kg CO_2eq?畝~(-1),計(jì)入土壤碳匯量后,不同功能單位下整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的碳足跡分別為81.56 kg CO_2eq?畝~(-1)、0.81kg CO_2eq?kg~(-1)、15.68 kg CO_2eq?千元~(-1);3.案例表明盡管由于農(nóng)田施用有機(jī)肥且采取秸稈還田方式,使得農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)過(guò)程碳排放量增大,但是農(nóng)田管理方式的這些改變?cè)黾恿送寥赖奶紖R,降低了整個(gè)小米生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)的碳足跡。從另一個(gè)角度來(lái)看,農(nóng)田使用有機(jī)肥料并采取秸稈還田的方式,不僅減少了合成肥料的使用,減輕了化肥生產(chǎn)對(duì)環(huán)境的危害,還“變廢為寶”,實(shí)現(xiàn)了糞肥、秸稈等廢棄物資源的有效利用;4.應(yīng)對(duì)日益激烈的國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)及可能出臺(tái)的有關(guān)碳標(biāo)簽貿(mào)易進(jìn)出口政策,建立我國(guó)碳標(biāo)簽評(píng)測(cè)體系是應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)際低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的必然選擇。面對(duì)這樣的國(guó)際形勢(shì),我國(guó)需要出臺(tái)有關(guān)碳標(biāo)識(shí)體系的政策、制定碳足跡的國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、完善碳足跡計(jì)算數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、授權(quán)有資質(zhì)的審核和認(rèn)證機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行農(nóng)產(chǎn)品碳標(biāo)簽評(píng)測(cè)、先從試點(diǎn)開(kāi)始再逐漸發(fā)展到全國(guó)范圍、增強(qiáng)社會(huì)宣傳、提高公眾意識(shí)。
[Abstract]:Greenhouse gases produced by agricultural activities have become one of the main sources of global greenhouse gases. This paper explores the carbon footprint assessment method and carbon labelling evaluation system of agricultural products suitable for agricultural production conditions in China.The aim is to provide technical and theoretical support for the standardization of carbon footprint evaluation, the establishment of carbon label evaluation system and the development of low-carbon agriculture.The main contents and conclusions of this study are as follows: 1.When evaluating the carbon footprint of agricultural products by life cycle assessment (LCA) method, the agricultural products were classified, and the corresponding functional units and system boundaries were selected according to different assessment requirements, and then the carbon sources and sinks of different types of agricultural products were analyzed.According to the calculation method of carbon source and carbon sink, the carbon footprint of agricultural products can be calculated; the greenhouse gas emissions of each link of product production can be clearly obtained by assessing carbon footprint by LCA method, and the high carbon link and high carbon source of agricultural product production can be found through analysis and comparison.A targeted implementation of emission reduction.Compared with some calculation methods in foreign countries, this study seeks to find more suitable calculation methods and parameters for the production conditions and environmental factors in China, so the selected parameters are mainly based on some data and research results of our country.The LCA method is used to evaluate the carbon footprint of Xiaomi products in Jinwuluo Village, Beijing, and a simple tool for calculating Xiaomi carbon footprint is designed by using Java Script framework and Echart diagram plug-in, using HTML language.The greenhouse gas emissions of different production links in the whole production process were obtained, in which the greenhouse gas emissions in the production process of millet products were 513.75 kg CO2eq?In the fertilization process, greenhouse gases are mainly produced by the application of organic manure, accounting for 91.62% of the total emissions during the fertilization process, while direct and indirect emissions contribute the most to the direct and indirect emissions.The carbon sink of farmland soil is 432.19 kg CO2eq?The carbon footprint of the whole system under different functional units is 81.56 kg / kg CO2eq. after the amount of soil carbon sink is taken into account, the carbon footprint of the whole system is 81.56 kg / mu.A total of 0.81kg of CO _ 2eq ~ (-1) / mu / mu / mu / mu / mu / kg / kg / kg / kg / kg / kg / kg / kg / kg CO2eq?A thousand dollars.The case shows that although the carbon emissions from the agricultural production process are increased due to the application of organic manure and straw returning to the field, these changes in the management of farmland increase the carbon sink of the soil.Reduced the entire millet production system carbon footprint.From another point of view, the use of organic fertilizer in farmland and the application of straw to the field not only reduce the use of synthetic fertilizer, lighten the harm of chemical fertilizer production to the environment, but also "turn waste into treasure" and realize manure.The effective utilization of straw and other waste resources.To deal with the increasingly fierce international competition and the possible import and export policies on carbon label trade, it is an inevitable choice to set up our country's carbon label evaluation system to cope with the international low carbon economy competition.In the face of such an international situation, China needs to issue policies on the carbon labeling system, formulate national standards for carbon footprint, improve the carbon footprint calculation database, and authorize qualified auditing and certification bodies to conduct carbon labelling evaluation of agricultural products.Start from the pilot and then gradually develop to the national scope, enhance social publicity, improve public awareness.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X82

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