發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-04 08:42

  本文選題：公眾參與　切入點(diǎn)：環(huán)境保護(hù)　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著改革開放的深入發(fā)展,我國的現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)取得了前所未有的成就。但與此形成鮮明對比的是,環(huán)境污染卻呈現(xiàn)愈演愈烈之勢,并在一定程度上影響了人們的生產(chǎn)和生活。人們的環(huán)保呼聲日益高漲,整個(gè)社會的環(huán)保意識也得到了一定程度的提升。但從整個(gè)社會來看,高認(rèn)同、低認(rèn)知、踐行度不夠的環(huán)保態(tài)勢使得環(huán)境不斷惡化的現(xiàn)狀并沒有得到明顯改善。環(huán)境是公共產(chǎn)品和稀缺的公共資源,公眾既是環(huán)境的使用者,污染者,同時(shí)也是環(huán)境最有效的保護(hù)者。從這個(gè)角度來說,環(huán)保的最終動力來自公眾,沒有公眾參與,難有環(huán)境保護(hù)。但從目前公眾參與環(huán)境保護(hù)的現(xiàn)狀來看,依然不容樂觀,這根源于公眾缺乏參與環(huán)境保護(hù)的動力。因此,本文主要從動力角度切入來研究目前中國公眾參與環(huán)境保護(hù)的問題。本文主要從以下四個(gè)方面展開:第一部分重點(diǎn)闡述了公眾參與環(huán)境保護(hù)的現(xiàn)狀。首先,對公眾參與環(huán)境保護(hù)進(jìn)行簡要概念界定;其次,介紹公眾參與環(huán)境保護(hù)在我國的歷史沿革;最后,在肯定公眾參與環(huán)境保護(hù)在我國取得積極進(jìn)展的同時(shí),著重剖析其在實(shí)踐中的問題與不足。第二部分主要借助行為動力理論來分析影響公眾參與環(huán)境保護(hù)的動力因素。以馬克思的需要理論、馬斯洛的需求層次理論、哈貝馬斯和勒溫的動力理論作為基礎(chǔ),得出影響公眾參與環(huán)境保護(hù)的動力因素主要有:物質(zhì)與環(huán)境利益、環(huán)保信仰、環(huán)保知識與能力、環(huán)保傳統(tǒng)與環(huán)境法律制度。第三部分基于上述動力要素,著重剖析公眾參與環(huán)境保護(hù)動力不足的原因。公眾普遍奉行物質(zhì)利益至上的觀念,在物質(zhì)利益與環(huán)境公共利益面前,更加傾向物質(zhì)利益一方;公眾環(huán)保信仰缺失;環(huán)保認(rèn)知能力較差;公眾參與環(huán)境保護(hù)歷史傳統(tǒng)薄弱;環(huán)境保護(hù)法律制度不健全。第四部分試圖通過公眾利益的實(shí)現(xiàn)、多元主體環(huán)境治理模式的探索、多維度的環(huán)境教育和環(huán)境法制的優(yōu)化等多重路徑激發(fā)公眾參與環(huán)境保護(hù)的動力。
[Abstract]:With the deepening development of reform and opening up, China's modernization has made unprecedented achievements.However, in contrast, environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious and affects people's production and life to a certain extent.People's environmental protection voice is rising day by day, the whole society's environmental protection consciousness has also been raised to a certain extent.But from the point of view of the whole society, the environmental protection situation of high identity, low cognition and insufficient practice makes the situation of environmental deterioration not obviously improved.The environment is the public goods and scarce public resources, the public is not only the user of the environment, polluter, but also the most effective protector of the environment.From this point of view, the ultimate driving force of environmental protection comes from the public, no public participation, there is no environmental protection.However, from the current situation of public participation in environmental protection, it is still not optimistic, which is rooted in the lack of motivation of public participation in environmental protection.Therefore, this paper focuses on the issue of public participation in environmental protection in China.This paper mainly from the following four aspects: the first part focuses on the status of public participation in environmental protection.Firstly, it defines the concept of public participation in environmental protection; secondly, it introduces the history of public participation in environmental protection in China; finally, while affirming the positive progress of public participation in environmental protection in China,Focus on the analysis of its problems and shortcomings in practice.The second part mainly analyzes the dynamic factors that affect the public participation in environmental protection with the help of behavioral motivation theory.Based on Marx's theory of need, Maslow's theory of hierarchy of demand, Habermas' and Lewin's theory of power, it is concluded that the main factors that influence public participation in environmental protection are: material and environmental interests, environmental protection beliefs.Environmental protection knowledge and ability, environmental protection tradition and environmental legal system.The third part analyzes the reasons why public participation in environmental protection is insufficient.The public generally adhere to the concept of "material interests first", in the face of material interests and environmental public interests, more inclined to the material interests side; the lack of public belief in environmental protection; the poor cognitive ability of environmental protection; the public participation in environmental protection history and tradition is weak;The legal system of environmental protection is not perfect.The fourth part attempts to stimulate the power of public participation in environmental protection through the realization of public interests, the exploration of multi-subject environmental governance model, the multi-dimensional environmental education and the optimization of environmental legal system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X24;X32

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