本文選題：游梁式抽油機(jī)　切入點(diǎn)：減速器　出處：《中原工學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：游梁式抽油機(jī)是采油系統(tǒng)重要的地面動(dòng)力驅(qū)動(dòng)設(shè)備,普遍應(yīng)用于油田采油業(yè)。抽油機(jī)工作環(huán)境惡劣、工作條件多變進(jìn)而影響抽油機(jī)的性能如強(qiáng)度、剛度、動(dòng)力學(xué)特性,容易造成零部件破壞。減速器作為抽油機(jī)的重要傳動(dòng)裝置,由于驢頭懸點(diǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律是周期性往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng),懸點(diǎn)載荷不規(guī)則變化,故箱體所受載荷為脈動(dòng)循環(huán)。為了驗(yàn)證減速器箱體的結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度及不同工況下的疲勞強(qiáng)度是否滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求,本課題以游梁式抽油機(jī)C228漸開線減速器為研究對象,基于有限元靜力學(xué)、多體動(dòng)力學(xué)、疲勞壽命分析理論,對抽油機(jī)關(guān)鍵機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)分析,以有限元仿真方法為分析手段,建立抽油機(jī)四連桿機(jī)構(gòu)和“齒輪-軸-軸承-箱體”仿真分析模型,運(yùn)用nCode對減速器箱體進(jìn)行疲勞壽命預(yù)估計(jì)算,為箱體的結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化提供可靠性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。(1)箱體載荷譜獲取。對抽油機(jī)懸點(diǎn)載荷、減速器最大軸扭矩、帶輪施加給最小軸的壓軸力、抽油機(jī)四連桿對輸出軸產(chǎn)生的運(yùn)動(dòng)反力、箱體最大載荷進(jìn)行理論計(jì)算。建立抽油機(jī)地面裝置模型,并將其輸入Adams中,設(shè)定材料屬性、機(jī)構(gòu)配合關(guān)系、加載時(shí)間,添加力與驅(qū)動(dòng)等建立仿真模型,提取減速器輸出軸扭矩時(shí)間歷程和每個(gè)軸承座的三個(gè)方向的載荷時(shí)間歷程。(2)箱體靜力、動(dòng)力學(xué)分析。運(yùn)用Pro/E建立減速器三維實(shí)體模型以及對其進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的簡化處理,利用HyperMesh對模型進(jìn)行四面體網(wǎng)格劃分,賦予材料屬性;在Ansys中對減速器箱體進(jìn)行載荷施加及邊界條件約束,求解得出應(yīng)力云圖和位移云圖,最大應(yīng)力為48MPa,位置在輸出軸軸承座左側(cè)上下箱體聯(lián)接處區(qū)域,箱體Z方向上最大變形發(fā)生區(qū)域?yàn)檩敵鲚S軸承座孔右上方區(qū)域,位移量為123.8μm。提取箱體前六階模態(tài)頻率,并對相應(yīng)的振型進(jìn)行評(píng)估。(3)箱體疲勞壽命分析。運(yùn)用Workbench建立減速器箱體疲勞壽命分析系統(tǒng),采用準(zhǔn)靜態(tài)方法對減速器箱體進(jìn)行18種工況單位載荷施加,在nCode中搭建箱體疲勞分析流程,結(jié)合有限元分析、材料S-N曲線和虛擬樣機(jī)仿真獲得的箱體載荷時(shí)間歷程,對減速器箱體受力載荷譜進(jìn)行雨流計(jì)數(shù)法統(tǒng)計(jì)并獲得18種工況的雨流統(tǒng)計(jì)圖,最終得到減速器箱體的最低循環(huán)次數(shù)為7.216E+007次,箱體最薄弱的位置和靜強(qiáng)度分析最大應(yīng)力位置一致。
[Abstract]:Beam pumping unit is an important ground power driving equipment in oil recovery system and is widely used in oil field.The poor working environment and changeable working conditions of the pumping unit will affect the performance of the pumping unit, such as strength, stiffness and dynamic characteristics, which can easily cause damage to the components.As an important driving device of pumping unit, the reducer is a pulsating cycle because the movement law of the donkey head suspension point is periodic reciprocating motion and the suspension point load changes irregularly.In order to verify whether the structural strength of the reducer box and fatigue strength under different working conditions can meet the design requirements, this paper takes the C228 involute reducer of the beam pumping unit as the research object, based on the finite element statics, multi-body dynamics.In the theory of fatigue life analysis, the structure of the key mechanism of pumping unit is analyzed. By means of finite element simulation method, the simulation analysis models of four-bar mechanism and "gear-shaft-bearing-box" of pumping unit are established.The fatigue life of the reducer box is estimated by nCode, which provides the reliability standard for the structural optimization of the box.The suspension load of the pumping unit, the maximum shaft torque of the reducer, the axial force applied to the minimum shaft with the wheel, the movement reaction force of the four-bar rod to the output shaft of the pumping unit and the maximum load of the box are calculated theoretically.The model of pumping unit ground device is established and input into Adams. The simulation model is established by setting up material properties, mechanism matching relationship, loading time, adding force and driving, etc.The torque time history of the output shaft of the reducer and the load time history of three directions of each housing.The three-dimensional solid model of reducer is established by Pro/E and its corresponding simplification is processed. The model is divided into tetrahedron mesh by HyperMesh, and the material attribute is given, and the load is applied and the boundary condition is restricted in Ansys.The results show that the maximum stress is 48 MPA and the maximum stress is 48 MPA. The position is located in the connecting area of the upper and lower boxes on the left side of the bearing seat of the output shaft. The maximum deformation area in the Z direction of the box is the upper right region of the bearing hole of the output shaft with a displacement of 123.8 渭 m.The first six modal frequencies of the box are extracted and the corresponding vibration modes are evaluated. 3) the fatigue life of the box is analyzed.The fatigue life analysis system of reducer box is established by using Workbench. The quasi-static method is used to apply the unit load to the reducer box under 18 working conditions. The fatigue analysis flow of the reducer box is set up in nCode, and the finite element analysis is combined.Material S-N curve and the time course of box load obtained by virtual prototype simulation, the load spectrum of reducer box is counted by rain flow counting method, and 18 kinds of rain flow charts are obtained.Finally, the lowest cycle number of the reducer box is 7.216E 007, and the weakest position of the box body is the same as the maximum stress position of static strength analysis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中原工學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TE933.1

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