發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-29 12:17

  本文選題：紫色土　切入點(diǎn)：生物炭　出處：《西南交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：紫色土是西南地區(qū)的主要耕作土壤,而生物炭作為一種新型環(huán)保材料在土壤污染物控制方面應(yīng)用廣泛。本文以川中丘陵區(qū)坡耕地紫色土為研究對(duì)象,通過(guò)批量平衡實(shí)驗(yàn)、柱實(shí)驗(yàn)和田間試驗(yàn)研究了生物炭施用(投加量0、39.75 t/hm2(1%BC)和198.75 t/hm2(5%BC))及田間老化作用(夏季干濕交替)對(duì)三種典型磺胺類(lèi)抗生素(磺胺嘧啶(SD)、磺胺二甲基嘧啶(SM2)及磺胺甲惡唑(SMZ))在紫色土中遷移行為的影響。研究主要結(jié)果如下:(1)在不同處理中,三種磺胺類(lèi)抗生素吸附強(qiáng)弱的順序都表現(xiàn)為SDSMZSM2;與對(duì)照土對(duì)三種磺胺抗生素的吸附相比,添加生物炭能增加土壤對(duì)三種抗生素的吸附能力,其中SM2的吸附顯著增加(P0.05),但這種促進(jìn)作用在經(jīng)過(guò)老化過(guò)程后有所減弱。在解吸過(guò)程中,三種抗生素的Freundlich常數(shù)沿大小順序?yàn)镾DSMZSM2,表明SD在土壤中吸附容量最大且不易解吸,其次是SMZ和SM2;相應(yīng)的遲滯系數(shù)H大小順序?yàn)镾DSMZSM2,與Freundlich常數(shù)n值趨勢(shì)一致,表明紫色土對(duì)SD親和力最強(qiáng),解吸最難,而SM2則解吸最易,可逆性最強(qiáng)。(2)對(duì)照土柱和1%BC 土柱中都存在大孔隙,對(duì)照土柱大孔隙比1%BC的土柱更發(fā)達(dá);污染物會(huì)通過(guò)大孔隙以優(yōu)先流通過(guò)土壤進(jìn)入地下水環(huán)境,生物炭的添加改善土壤孔隙結(jié)構(gòu),減少了大孔隙,降低了優(yōu)先流通過(guò)土壤污染地下水的可能性。(3)土壤中淋出的溶解性有機(jī)物(DOM)濃度與土壤孔隙水中離子濃度隨淋溶時(shí)間呈反比。生物炭會(huì)改變了土壤理化性質(zhì),從而影響浸出液的溶解性有機(jī)物(DOM)的種類(lèi),生物炭的添加在一定程度上減少了土壤中DOM的溶出,這在保持土壤肥力方面具有重要意義。(4)不同炭處理方式下地表徑流中三種磺胺抗生素的遷移有著不同的變化:未施生物炭小區(qū)中大量磺胺抗生素在降雨初期就隨地表徑流流出,這是因?yàn)樽仙疗赂乜菇涤隂_擊能力較差;耕作層面施1%生物炭小區(qū)中,強(qiáng)降雨初期三種磺胺抗生素流出減少且效果明顯,污染物隨著降雨事件進(jìn)行逐漸釋放;5%生物炭地埂和地溝小區(qū)對(duì)地表徑流中三種磺胺抗生素的截留效果最好,濃度遠(yuǎn)低于對(duì)照小區(qū)和面施1%生物炭小區(qū)。(5)坡耕地決定污染物更容易從坡上部遷移到下部,因而在整個(gè)降雨事件中,三種磺胺抗生素在土壤各深度的濃度并不一定直接下降,可能會(huì)先增加后降低,這一現(xiàn)象在耕作層面施1%生物炭的小區(qū)比對(duì)照小區(qū)更明顯。5%生物炭地埂小區(qū),三種磺胺抗生素隨雨水遷移到一定深度后,水平遷移使其繞過(guò)生物炭地埂,并通過(guò)溶質(zhì)擴(kuò)散和土壤毛細(xì)管作用向上遷移。
[Abstract]:Purple soil is the main cultivated soil in southwest China, and biochar, as a new kind of environmental protection material, is widely used in soil pollutant control. In this paper, the purple soil of sloping farmland in the hilly area of central Sichuan is taken as the research object, and the batch balance experiment is carried out. Column and field experiments were carried out to study the effects of biochar application (0 ~ 39.75 t/hm2(1) and field aging (dry and wet alternation in summer) on three typical sulfamethylamine antibiotics (sulfadiazine, sulfamethylpyrimidine (SM2)) and field aging (alternating dry and wet in summer). The effects of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) on the migration behavior of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) in purple soil. The main results are as follows: 1) in different treatments, The adsorption order of the three sulfanilamides was SDSMZSM2.Compared with the control soil, the addition of biochar could increase the adsorption ability of the three antibiotics. In the desorption process, the Freundlich constant of the three antibiotics was in the order of SDSMZSM2, which indicated that the adsorption capacity of SD in soil was the largest and it was not easy to desorption. The corresponding hysteresis coefficient H is in the order of SDSMZSM2, which is consistent with the trend of n value of Freundlich constant, which indicates that purple soil has the strongest affinity to SD and the most difficult to desorption, while SM2 is the most easy to desorption. The reversibility is strongest. 2) Macropores exist in both the control soil column and the 1 soil column. The macroporosity of the control soil column is more developed than that of the soil column 1, and the pollutants enter the groundwater environment through the macropores and preferential flow through the soil. The addition of biochar improves the pore structure of the soil and reduces the macroporosity. The concentration of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soil is inversely proportional to the concentration of ions in soil pore water with the leaching time. Biochar will change the physical and chemical properties of soil. Thus, the species of dissolved organic matter (DOM) of leachate was affected, and the addition of biochar reduced the dissolution of DOM in soil to some extent. This is of great significance in maintaining soil fertility. (4) the migration of three sulfonamides in surface runoff under different carbon treatments has different changes: a large number of sulfamethylamine antibiotics in unapplied biochar plots flow out with surface runoff at the early stage of rainfall. This is due to the poor rainfall impact resistance of sloping land in purple soil, and the decrease of three sulfonamide antibiotics outflow in 1% biochar plot at the early stage of heavy rainfall. With the rainfall event, the pollutants released gradually 5% biochar ridge and gully plot to the surface runoff of the three kinds of sulfamethylamine antibiotic interception effect is the best. The concentration of pollutants in sloping farmland was much lower than that in the control plot and 1% biochar plot. Therefore, the concentrations of three sulfonamides did not decrease directly during the whole rainfall event, and the concentration of the three sulfonamides did not decrease directly in each depth of the soil, so that the pollutants migrated from the upper part of the slope to the lower part of the slope. This phenomenon may increase at first and then decrease. This phenomenon is more obvious in the plot with 1% biochar at the tillage level than in the control plot. After three kinds of sulfamethylamine antibiotics migrate to a certain depth with Rain Water, the horizontal migration causes them to bypass the ridge of biochar. And through solute diffusion and soil capillary action upward migration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X53

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