本文選題：非常規(guī)油氣藏　切入點：水平井　出處：《西南石油大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：我國非常規(guī)油氣儲量豐富,已成為我國油氣生產(chǎn)中的中堅力量,水平井分段多簇壓裂是經(jīng)濟高效開發(fā)這類儲層最關(guān)鍵的技術(shù)之一。水平井分段壓裂多裂縫擴展時由于多裂縫受到應(yīng)力干擾而導致其裂縫形態(tài)發(fā)生顯著變化,嚴重影響著壓裂效果和壓后產(chǎn)量。因此迫切需要掌握水平井分段壓裂多裂縫擴展變化規(guī)律,進而科學指導壓裂施工設(shè)計,為我國非常規(guī)油氣藏的高效開發(fā)提供技術(shù)支撐。本文從水平井分段壓裂多裂縫同時起裂延伸的特點出發(fā),首先在文獻調(diào)研基礎(chǔ)上綜合考慮了裂縫誘導應(yīng)力場、濾失誘導應(yīng)力場、裂縫內(nèi)流體流動、井筒中流體流動以及裂縫擴展準則等因素,建立了水平井多裂縫擴展數(shù)學模型。然后針對誘導應(yīng)力場和流體壓力場的不同特點,分別采用位移不連續(xù)法和有限差分法實現(xiàn)了流固耦合求解,對比了單裂縫擴展解析模型和現(xiàn)有多裂縫擴展數(shù)值模型,驗證了本文模型的準確性。隨后在本文模型基礎(chǔ)上分析了單裂縫擴展形態(tài)、誘導應(yīng)力場以及非平面擴展等變化規(guī)律,研究了多裂縫擴展過程中的裂縫形態(tài)、應(yīng)力分布及流量分配等變化規(guī)律,并對多裂縫擴展的影響因素進行了分析。最后提出了基于裂縫形態(tài)定量表征裂縫均勻系數(shù)來反映多裂縫擴展均勻程度,在此基礎(chǔ)上分析了地層參數(shù)對多裂縫擴展均勻程度的影響規(guī)律,優(yōu)化了多裂縫擴展時的壓裂施工參數(shù),并根據(jù)建立的模型進行了現(xiàn)場實例應(yīng)用。本文通過對水平井分段壓裂多裂縫擴展規(guī)律的研究,取得的主要成果和認識如下:(1)單裂縫平面擴展時始終沿最大水平主應(yīng)力方向延伸,產(chǎn)生的裂縫誘導應(yīng)力場影響范圍主要受到縫長和縫高的最小值控制;單裂縫非平面擴展時延伸方向逐漸偏向最大水平主應(yīng)力方向,當初始裂縫方位角和主應(yīng)力差越小時其裂縫形態(tài)越彎曲。(2)多裂縫擴展時外側(cè)裂縫擴展較快且向外偏轉(zhuǎn),內(nèi)側(cè)裂縫擴展較慢且?guī)缀醪黄D(zhuǎn);多裂縫之間地層受到的應(yīng)力干擾較大;外側(cè)裂縫的流量大于內(nèi)側(cè)裂縫。多裂縫擴展在低彈性模量、低壓裂液排量、高裂縫簇間距、高壓裂液黏度下易形成短寬縫。(3)針對多裂縫的非均勻擴展,提出了基于裂縫形態(tài)定量表征多裂縫擴展均勻程度的裂縫均勻系數(shù)。其值越大,多裂縫擴展均勻程度越高。多裂縫擴展時彈性模量越小、主應(yīng)力差越小、裂縫簇間距越大、壓裂液黏度越小、壓裂液排量越大、孔眼數(shù)量越小、孔眼直徑越小時都會促使其裂縫均勻系數(shù)越大,多裂縫擴展得越均勻。(4)以裂縫均勻系數(shù)為目標函數(shù)優(yōu)化了多裂縫擴展時壓裂施工參數(shù)。通過相對增加中間裂縫孔眼直徑和孔眼數(shù)量可提高多裂縫擴展均勻程度;均質(zhì)儲層等簇間距布縫比非等簇間距布縫的裂縫擴展均勻程度更高;在各簇射孔參數(shù)相同時3簇裂縫最優(yōu)簇間距為30～40m,當相對增加中間裂縫孔眼直徑后其最優(yōu)簇間距可降低為20～30m。本文對水平井分段壓裂多裂縫擴展規(guī)律進行了深入研究,建立的數(shù)學模型可定量分析多裂縫擴展形態(tài)變化規(guī)律,提出的裂縫均勻系數(shù)能優(yōu)化多裂縫擴展壓裂施工參數(shù)。本文的研究成果對水平井分段多簇壓裂優(yōu)化設(shè)計具有一定的指導意義。
[Abstract]:China's unconventional oil and gas reserves, has become the backbone of China's oil and gas production, horizontal well fracturing of segmented multi cluster economic and efficient development of this kind of reservoir is one of the most critical technologies. The horizontal well fracturing multi crack due to stress interference by multiple cracks due to the crack shape change and seriously affect the fracturing effect and pressure after production. There is an urgent need to master the horizontal well fracturing multi crack propagation regularity, and scientific guidance of fracturing design, provide technical support for the efficient development of China's unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. This paper from the horizontal well fracturing cracks and crack extension characteristics of firstly, on the basis of literature research considering the fracture induced stress field, the filtration induced stress field, the fluid flow in fracture, wellbore fluid flow and crack propagation criterion and other factors, established level The mathematical model of well crack expansion. Then according to different characteristics of induced stress field and fluid pressure field, respectively by displacement discontinuity method and finite difference method, the fluid solid coupling solution, compared to the single crack propagation analysis model and the existing multi crack propagation numerical model, verified the accuracy of this model. Then based on in this paper, the model analysis of a single fracture shape, induced by the stress field variation law and non planar propagation, fracture morphology of multi crack propagation process. The variation of stress distribution and flow distribution, and the joints of expansion are analyzed. Finally, the multi crack crack morphology quantitative uniformity coefficient characterization of cracks to reflect the expansion of multi fractures based on uniform degree, based on the analysis of formation parameters on multi crack propagation influence of uniformity, optimization of multi crack propagation when the pressure Crack construction parameters, and an instance of the application site according to the established model. Based on the research of horizontal well fracturing multi crack propagation law, the main results are as follows: (1) single crack extension plane along the direction of maximum principal stress, stress field effect is mainly affected by the crack length and the minimum control of high seam induced crack; single non planar fracture extension extension direction gradually turn to the direction of maximum horizontal principal stress, when the initial crack angle and principal stress difference is the more hours crack shape bending. (2) multi crack propagation when lateral crack fast and outward deflection, inner cracks extended slowly and almost no deflection; many cracks between the formation of stress interference; lateral fracture flow rate is greater than the inner crack. Multi crack propagation in low elastic modulus, low fracture fluid displacement, high crack cluster spacing, High pressure fracturing fluid viscosity tends to form short wide slot. (3) for non uniform expansion cracks, puts forward the uniform crack crack shape coefficient of expansion based on quantitative characterization of uniformity. Its value is, the higher the degree of uniformity of multi crack propagation. Multi crack propagation when the elastic modulus is small, the main stress the smaller the difference, the greater the crack cluster spacing, the smaller the viscosity of fracturing fluid, fracturing fluid displacement is larger, smaller hole number, hole diameter more hours can bring about the crack of uniform coefficient is, the more uniform expansion of multi fractures. (4) with uniform coefficient as the objective function to optimize the multi crack crack construction parameters fracture propagation. The relative increase in the number of cracks in the middle hole diameter and hole can improve the uniformity of multi crack propagation; homogeneous reservoir cluster spacing cloth cracks etc. non cluster spacing cloth expansion is more uniform; in each cluster same perforation parameter 3 cluster cracks Optimal cluster spacing is 30 ~ 40m, when the relative increase of cracks in the middle hole diameter after optimal cluster spacing can be reduced to 20 ~ 30m. of the horizontal well fracturing multi crack propagation regularity is studied, the mathematical model established by quantitative analysis of multi crack propagation regularity of crack morphology, uniform coefficient is proposed to optimize multiple cracks extended fracturing parameters. The research results of this multi cluster fracturing optimization design has a certain guiding significance for the horizontal well section.

【學位授予單位】：西南石油大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TE357

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