本文選題：海藻纖維　切入點：凝膠化改性　出處：《武漢紡織大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：改性海藻纖維針刺非織造布使其吸水立即凝膠,探究改性工藝與最優(yōu)改性條件。采用紅外光譜、XRD、離子濃度測試等多項測試表征改性前、后海藻纖維非織造布的結(jié)構(gòu)變化,分析改性機理,并測試凝膠性能。借鑒改性海藻纖維針刺非織造布的工藝改性海藻/銅氨混紡水刺非織造布,確定最佳改性條件。測試改性后海藻/銅氨水刺非織造布的回潮率、厚度、透氣性等物理性能以及吸收性能、持液性能、金屬吸附性能。對比分析改性后海藻/銅氨水刺非織造布與其他六種面膜基布的性能測試數(shù)據(jù),考評改性后的海藻/銅氨水刺非織造布是否可用作面膜基布,為后期對此類面膜的研發(fā)提供理論依據(jù)。通過實驗現(xiàn)得到如下成果:采用先在低濃度HCl溶液處理,再用乙醇沖洗至中性,最后用低濃度NaOH乙醇溶液處理的凝膠化改性方法,可以使海藻纖維針刺非織造布在吸水后能立即凝膠。在實驗環(huán)境下,HCl溶液濃度為0.10%、處理溫度為室溫、處理時間為30min;NaOH乙醇溶液濃度為4mmol/L、處理溫度為30℃、處理時間為1h時為最佳凝膠化改性工藝條件。凝膠性能最好的海藻纖維針刺非織造布保水量能達到16g/g以上,遠高于未凝膠的非織造布。通過對改性后非織造布進行XRD、紅外光譜、離子濃度測試,得出凝膠化改性機理:采用HCl處理破壞了海藻纖維的結(jié)晶結(jié)構(gòu),降低了其結(jié)晶度和Ca2+含量,但在纖維分子間形成了酯鍵。采用NaOH處理促進了形成的酯鍵的水解斷裂,并進一步降低纖維的結(jié)晶度和Ca2+含量。通過兩步處理,可以將海藻纖維大分子間的交聯(lián)點和作用力控制在恰當(dāng)?shù)姆秶鷥?nèi),使得水分子可以擴散進入到纖維大分子之間,并通過氫鍵作用力與纖維分子形成三維網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu),從而轉(zhuǎn)變成凝膠體。通過對改性前、后的非織造布進行物理性能測試發(fā)現(xiàn):改性前后海藻纖維非織造布的厚度、單位面積質(zhì)量、透氣性、斷裂強度等物理性能差別不大。凝膠性能最好的非織造布中的單纖通過顯微鏡觀察到其直徑增大2.5倍,通過宏觀照片觀察到其厚度、體積增大至5倍左右。海藻凝膠的溶脹速率、退脹速率與其凝膠程度有很大關(guān)系。凝膠程度越大的凝膠溶脹速率越慢,即溶脹曲線的斜率越小,而凝膠程度越小的凝膠達到溶脹平衡的時間越短。凝膠程度越好的凝膠退脹的速率越慢,即退脹曲線的斜率越小,而凝膠程度越低的凝膠達到完全脫水的時間越短。通過HCl溶液、NaOH乙醇溶液的先后處理,改性后的海藻/銅氨面膜基布遇水立即凝膠,保水量達到21.18g/g,具有很好的保水性能。海藻/銅氨面膜基布相較于其他面膜基布不僅面密度為31.44g/m~2、厚度僅有0.12mm,而且透氣性達到了4317.80mm/s,做到了面膜要求的的“輕、薄、透氣”。改性后海藻/銅氨面膜基布在模擬皮膚上的由于蒸發(fā)作用造成的損失最小,蒸發(fā)率僅為26.07%。而其保水量在20min內(nèi)達到0.04g/cm~2,一片面膜可為皮膚補充10.68g水分。海藻/銅氨面膜相較于市場上流行的面膜基布,具有優(yōu)異的金屬吸附性,對Cd2+的吸附量更是其他面膜吸附量的近10倍,達到1.35mg/cm~2。
[Abstract]:The modified alginate fiber nonwovens make the water immediately on gel, modification and optimal modification conditions. By using infrared spectroscopy, XRD, ion concentration test and other test characterization of modified and structural changes of seaweed fiber nonwovens, modification mechanism analysis, and test performance. From the change process of gel alginate fiber nonwovens modified alginate / copper ammonia blended spunlaced nonwovens, determine the optimal modification conditions. Test the modified copper ammonia / seaweed Spunlaced moisture, thickness, permeability and other physical properties and absorption properties, liquid properties, metal adsorption properties. Comparative analysis of performance test data modification seaweed / copper ammonia water laced nonwovens and other six kinds of mask substrate, evaluation of modified seaweed / copper ammonia water is available for Spunlaced mask substrate, and provide a theoretical basis for the research and development of this kind of mask later. The experiment results are as follows: first used in the treatment of low concentration of HCl solution, and then rinsed with ethanol to neutral, the gelation of low concentration of NaOH alcohol solution modification method, can make the seaweed fiber nonwovens can gel immediately after absorption of water. In the experimental environment, the HCl concentration was 0.10%, the treatment temperature at room temperature, processing time is 30min; the concentration of NaOH ethanol solution for 4mmol/L treatment, the temperature is 30 DEG C, processing time is 1H for the best gelation modification conditions. Seaweed fiber needle textiles keeping the best gel properties of water can reach more than 16g/g, much higher than the nonwovens not gel. Based on a modified nonwoven cloth XRD, infrared spectroscopy, ion concentration test, the gelation mechanism of modification by HCl treatment destroyed the crystal structure of seaweed fiber, reducing its crystallinity and Ca2+ content, but in the fiber molecules Between the formation of ester bonds. The NaOH treatment promoted the hydrolytic cleavage of the ester bond formation, and further reduce the crystallinity and the content of Ca2+ fiber. By two step treatment, can crosslink seaweed fiber intermolecular forces and control in the appropriate range, the water molecules can be diffused into the fiber large molecules, and through hydrogen bonding and fiber molecules to form a three-dimensional network structure, thus turning into colloidal coagulation. Based on a modified and nonwovens after the physical properties test found: change the thickness of seaweed fiber nonwovens before and after, mass per unit area, air permeability, little difference in physical properties including tensile strength of nonwovens. The best performance in the gel fiber were observed by microscope and the diameter increased 2.5 times, the thickness observed by macro photo, volume increased to about 5 times. The swelling rate of seaweed gel deswelling. Have a great relationship with the rate of gel. The gel degree of the swelling rate is slower, the slope of swelling curve is smaller, and the smaller the degree of gel to gel swelling equilibrium time is short. The rate of gel degree better gel deswelling the slower deswelling curve slope is smaller, and the the lower the degree of gel to gel completely dehydration time is short. By HCl solution, NaOH ethanol solution after treatment, modified seaweed / copper ammonia water gel mask substrate immediately, water holding capacity reached 21.18g/g, with water retention. The good performance of seaweed / copper ammonia mask substrate compared to other mask substrate not only the surface density is 31.44g/m~2, the thickness of only 0.12mm, and permeability reached 4317.80mm/s, do mask requirements of "light, thin, breathable. The modified seaweed / copper ammonia mask substrate in the simulation of the skin caused by the evaporation The minimum loss, evaporation rate is only 26.07%. and the water holding capacity reached 0.04g/cm~2 in 20min, a mask for the skin to add moisture. 10.68g seaweed / popular copper ammonia mask on the market compared to the mask substrate, metal has excellent adsorption, the adsorption capacity of Cd2+ is nearly 10 times the other surface membrane adsorption the reach 1.35mg/cm~2.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢紡織大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TS195.5

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