本文選題：多繩摩擦提升機　切入點：有效弧度角　出處：《新疆大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：礦山生產(chǎn)中礦井提升機扮演著重要的角色,聯(lián)系著礦井井上作業(yè)與井下作業(yè)的關(guān)鍵樞紐環(huán)節(jié),擔負著將挖掘器械、作業(yè)人員、備用設(shè)備、煤炭、矸石等送到井下和井上作業(yè)的任務(wù),因此它在我國整個礦山綜合機械化生產(chǎn)中占有重要地位。隨著工業(yè)智能制造行業(yè)的發(fā)力,采礦行業(yè)對于提升機提升能力的要求也在不斷提高,提升機的設(shè)計結(jié)構(gòu)逐漸向中—大型化的方向發(fā)展,造成設(shè)計者設(shè)計計算難度加大,主要體現(xiàn)在整機設(shè)計經(jīng)濟性和安全可靠性及平穩(wěn)高效運行問題,從高效經(jīng)濟性角度而言,在設(shè)計階段,提升機系統(tǒng)的各種部件型號種類多、人工海選困難,不易獲得最佳組合選型,造成經(jīng)濟性差。在運行階段,提升機系統(tǒng)的運行速度多變,不易獲得各時段最佳匹配速度,造成高效性差;從安全可靠性角度而言,提升機傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計法(循環(huán)試探法)因機構(gòu)參數(shù)多、計算繁瑣易出現(xiàn)某些零件失效形式計算的較大偏差,將會使得提升機處于不安全范圍內(nèi)運行;從平穩(wěn)運行角度而言,提升機鋼絲繩運行受載荷影響出現(xiàn)抖動、偏移等不平穩(wěn)運行現(xiàn)象。因此,尋求一種旨在理清楚摩擦防滑失效機理計算方法和優(yōu)化提升機運行參數(shù)手段,將有效提高提升機系統(tǒng)的安全穩(wěn)定特性。開發(fā)一款基于MATLAB編程實現(xiàn)的提升機系統(tǒng)各種部件多種型號自動優(yōu)化選型的軟件,將是解決人工海選經(jīng)濟性差的有效手段。同時也將會在理論分析和實際案例方面有著重要意義�；诖�,以多繩摩擦提升機為研究對象,以鋼絲繩承載狀況、運行速度及主—輔參數(shù)計算選型為關(guān)鍵因素,進行多繩摩擦提升機優(yōu)化選型、提高運行安全穩(wěn)定度的方法研究。因此,本文主要的研究工作和成果歸納如下:(1)多繩摩擦提升機的運行安全與防滑特性密切相關(guān),選擇鋼絲繩與摩擦輪之間合適的圍包角,可使防滑性能顯著提高。然而,圍包角計算公式由于其非線性特征,傳統(tǒng)上采用歐拉法求解,其最佳圍包角范圍為(0~?)弧度,顯然其范圍偏大,不利于獲得安全性最佳的圍包角。在分析了鋼絲繩與摩擦輪之間的受力分布機理基礎(chǔ)上,定義了受力弧度變量0?和未受力弧度變量0?-?。依據(jù)有效弧度角0?在摩擦輪呈圓周運動時鋼絲繩兩側(cè)受力隨之改變機理,構(gòu)建了符合防滑原則的摩擦式提升機有效弧度角與鋼絲繩兩側(cè)受張力間對應(yīng)的數(shù)學模型。(2)多繩摩擦提升機鋼絲繩的平穩(wěn)運行與不同載荷下的受力特性密切相關(guān),找到加速到勻速和勻速到減速運行過程中的受力“突變”點,可減小或消除“突變”現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生。綜合運用靜力學和動力學理論,分析了提升鋼絲繩在T周期內(nèi)承載狀況變化的規(guī)律,建立了基于MATLAB/Simulink的摩擦輪相切處(分離處)的鋼絲繩動態(tài)張力模型,達到動態(tài)觀測鋼絲繩運行工況承受張力的目的,通過仿真案例發(fā)現(xiàn)“突變”點的發(fā)生與懸垂繩長、載荷、加速度三大因素直接相關(guān),為后續(xù)進一步研究上述三個因素的量化限制范圍、實現(xiàn)多繩摩擦提升機鋼絲繩的平穩(wěn)運行提供了前提依據(jù)。(3)多繩摩擦提升機的高效經(jīng)濟性與電機和鋼絲繩的選型密切相關(guān),一次提升量、一次能耗、電機容量和和鋼絲直徑等參數(shù)主要依賴于提升過程中的運行速度,依據(jù)提升機運行時段分為加速階段—勻速階段—減速階段—爬行階段—停車階段這五個階段運行或者將加速階段再分為初加速和主加速兩個階段。因此以恒定加速度為約束條件,建立了五階、六階速度曲線運行模型,與傳統(tǒng)的三階速度曲線運行模型對比分析可知,五階、六階速度曲線運行模型穩(wěn)定性較好但運行時間較長,三階速度曲線運行模型并不違反安全運行前提條件但運行時間較短,因此以三階速度曲線運行模型為基準模型,建立了摩擦提升機的其他速度曲線運行模型與基準模型之比(無因次法)的數(shù)學模型,獲得了相對速度與提升量、能耗量、電機容量、鋼絲繩直徑之間的關(guān)系,得到各自最佳但不統(tǒng)一的相對速度值,采用加權(quán)平均法將各自最小值的倒數(shù)作為權(quán)系數(shù),獲得兼顧多目標參數(shù)的統(tǒng)一相對速度值(無因次值)為0.41,實現(xiàn)了一次提升量、一次能耗、電機容量和和鋼絲直徑等參數(shù)的優(yōu)化。(4)以新疆阜康市某煤礦初步設(shè)計的實際運行參數(shù)為案例,開發(fā)了基于MATLAB編程實現(xiàn)的提升機系統(tǒng)各種部件多種型號自動優(yōu)化選型的軟件,以研發(fā)的優(yōu)化選型的軟件為工具,實現(xiàn)了摩擦提升機的快速便捷計算、選型、檢驗、存儲功能,驗證了本文所提方法的可行性。
[Abstract]:Mine production in mine hoist plays an important role, with the key link of mine operation hub and downhole operation, responsible for the mining equipment, operating personnel, standby equipment, coal gangue, etc. to the downhole and well on the task, so it occupies an important position in China's entire mine comprehensive mechanization with the industrial production. Intelligent manufacturing industry force, the mining industry for promoting the ability of hoisting machine requirements are constantly improve, improve the design structure of machine gradually to - large scale direction, causing difficulty in calculating the designers to increase, mainly reflected in the design problem of the economic and safety and the smooth and efficient operation, from efficient economic perspective, in the design stage, type of various components of hoist system, artificial selection difficult, not easy to get the best combination of selection, causing economic Poor. In the process of operation, the speed of hoist system is variable, is not easy to get the best time, speed, resulting in poor efficiency; from the perspective of safety and reliability of hoist, the traditional design method (cycle test method) for mechanism parameters, calculation easy deviation calculation of some parts of failure, will the elevator is running safety range from smooth operation; point of view, the hoist rope running load effects appear jitter, offset not stable phenomenon. Therefore, to seek a clear anti friction sliding failure mechanism calculation method and optimization of hoist operation parameters, will effectively improve the security and stability characteristics of ascension the development of a machine system. Based on the automatic optimal selection of MATLAB programming to enhance the various components of various types of machine system software, will solve the artificial economy poor effective audition Means. At the same time also will have an important significance in theoretical analysis and practical case. Based on this, the multi rope friction hoist as the research object, the wire rope load condition, running speed and main assist parameters selection for the key factors of multi rope friction hoist optimization selection, method of improving operation safety stability. Therefore, the main research work and achievements are as follows: (1) to improve the operation safety and antiskid machine is closely related to the characteristics of multi rope friction, wrap the right choice between the wire rope and the friction wheel angle, the anti-skid performance is significantly improved. However, wrap angle formula due to its nonlinear characteristics traditionally, the Euler method, the optimum wrap angle range (0~?) radian, obviously its range is too large, is not conducive to get the best security wrap angle. By analyzing the stress distribution mechanism of wire rope and the friction wheel between On the basis of the definition of stress variables and not 0 radian? Stress arc variable 0 -??. According to the effective angle of 0 radian? The friction wheel is circular motion of wire rope on both sides by stress change mechanism, build in line with the principle of anti-skid friction hoist rope on both sides of the radian angle and effective mathematical model the corresponding tension between. (2) multi rope friction force characteristics of stable operation and different load of lifting rope under closely related to uniform and uniform to find the acceleration force by the deceleration in the operation process of mutation, can reduce or eliminate the "catastrophe" phenomenon. The integrated use of statics and dynamics the theory, analysis of steel rope load changes in the T period of a friction wheel based on MATLAB/Simulink (tangential separation) of the wire rope dynamic tension model, achieve the dynamic observation of operating condition of the wire rope under tension The purpose, through a simulation case found "point mutation and drape rope" long, load, acceleration of three factors is directly related to the further research in order to quantify the three factors limit the scope of implementation of multi rope friction hoist wire rope machine smooth operation provides the premise basis. (3) the selection of multi rope friction lifting the machine is highly efficient and economical with the motor and the wire rope is closely related to the first upgrade, the first energy consumption, the running speed of the motor capacity and wire diameter mainly depends on the promotion process, on the basis of the hoist running time divided into the acceleration phase of uniform deceleration stage, these five phases - the crawling stage - parking stage of operation or will accelerate the stage is divided into early acceleration and main accelerating two stages. So with constant acceleration constraints, established five order, six order velocity curve operation model and three order speed of traditional Curve operation model comparison, five order, six order velocity curve operation model stability is better but the running time is longer, the three order running speed curve model does not violate the precondition of safe operation but shorter running time, so in order to run the three order velocity curve model as the benchmark model, established the friction hoist speed curve other operation model and the ratio of the benchmark model (dimensionless method) mathematical model, obtained the relative speed and enhance the capacity, energy consumption, motor capacity, the relationship between the diameter of the rope, get their best but not unified the speed value, using the weighted average method to their minimum as the reciprocal of the weight coefficient, relatively uniform taking into account the parameters of the target speed value (dimensionless value) is 0.41, achieved the first upgrade, the first energy consumption, the optimization of motor capacity and wire diameter parameters. (4) to a Xinjiang Fukang City The actual operation parameters of the preliminary design of coal mine as an example, the development of automatic selection of optimal MATLAB programming to enhance the various components of various types of machine system based on the software, to optimize the selection of the research and development of software, the friction hoist fast and convenient calculation, equipment selection, inspection, storage, to validate the feasibility of this method.

【學位授予單位】：新疆大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD534.3

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