本文選題：廢棄皮革　切入點：鈾　出處：《西南科技大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：針對陸地鈾資源不足且從海水中提鈾難度較大的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)問題,本論文以鹽湖鈾資源開發(fā)為目標,選擇富含膠原纖維且價格低廉的制革廢棄邊角料為原料,分別采用了水解、水熱以及固化鞣酸等方法制備了三種吸附材料,系統(tǒng)研究了皮膠原基吸附劑對U(VI)的靜態(tài)吸附特性和吸附機理,并模擬研究了鹽湖高鹽度環(huán)境對吸附性能的影響及脫附再生性能。結(jié)果表明:1、堿活化水解皮革(AALW)的最佳制備條件為:皮革大小(0.25cm的正方顆粒);NaOH濃度(0.075mol/L);水解溫度(50oC);水解時間(4h)。AALW對U(VI)的最佳吸附pH為5。AALW吸附U(VI)的等溫線與Langmuir方程更加吻合,擬合得到最大吸附量為163.67mg/g。其動力學更切合準二級動力學模型,吸附達到平衡所需時間為240min。吸附過程中一部分U(VI)與堿活化負載的Na+進行離子交換;另一部分U(VI)則與皮革上的活性官能團發(fā)生配位絡合。2、皮革水熱炭(HLW)對U(VI)的吸附受pH影響顯著,在pH為5時可達最佳。HLW對U(VI)的吸附等溫線更切合Freundlich方程,其動力學更符合準二級動力學模型,吸附達到平衡所需時間為240min。在吸附過程中,水熱過程生成的含氧官能團等通過配位絡合和靜電吸引將UO22+成功吸附到HLW上。3、海綿皮(SLW)的最佳制備條件為:鞣酸質(zhì)量分數(shù)(2%)、水解皮革投料量(1.25g)、水熱溫度(140oC)、水熱時間(1.5h)。海綿皮吸附U(VI)受溶液pH影響顯著,在pH為5時達到最優(yōu)吸附性能。海綿皮對U(VI)的吸附等溫線更切合Freundlich方程,其動力學更符合準二級動力學模型,吸附達平衡所需時間為1080min。在吸附過程中,改性皮革表面富含的酚羥基以及皮革本身含有的氨基、羧基等活性官能團對U(VI)都具有很高的的吸附親和力,能通過配位絡合實現(xiàn)對U(VI)的吸附。4、在模擬鹽湖高鹽度、極低濃度U(VI)(其中鈾濃度為800ug/L)的環(huán)境下,三種吸附劑中均對鈾體現(xiàn)出較高吸附率,其中AALW對U(VI)的吸附性能隨著HCO3-濃度的升高而有所減弱。在七元共存金屬離子溶液的吸附實驗中,AALW、HLW及SLW對U(VI)的都具有較高的選擇性,其對U(VI)的吸附率分別為55%、45%及85%,遠高于其它金屬離子。5、當AALW循環(huán)到第四次吸附時,其吸附率降到52%;而AALW的解析率均可達90%,具有良好的脫附性能。酸性洗脫劑由于酸改性作用,在多次循環(huán)吸附過程中,HLW吸附率沒有下降反而有所上升。SLW經(jīng)五次吸附-脫附循環(huán)后,其吸附率仍可達90%以上。綜上所述,改性皮膠原生物質(zhì)吸附材料對U(VI)具有較好的吸附效果,且三種改性方法簡單易行,對從鹽湖中鈾的富集提取具有一定的參考作用。
[Abstract]:Aiming at the key technical problems of the shortage of terrestrial uranium resources and the difficulty of extracting uranium from sea water, this paper aims at the exploitation of uranium resources in salt lakes, and selects the leathery scrap which is rich in collagen fiber and low price as raw material, which is hydrolyzed respectively. Three kinds of adsorption materials were prepared by hydrothermal method and curing tannic acid method. The static adsorption characteristics and adsorption mechanism of collagen based adsorbent for UVI were systematically studied. The effects of high salinity environment on adsorption and desorption regeneration were simulated. The results showed that the optimum preparation conditions were as follows: the concentration of NaOH was 0.075 mol 路L ~ (-1), the hydrolysis temperature was 50oC ~ (-1), the concentration of NaOH was 0.075 mol / L ~ (-1), the concentration of NaOH was 0.075 mol / L ~ (-1), the concentration of NaOH was 0.075 mol / L ~ (-1), the temperature of hydrolysis was 50oC ~ (-1). The isotherm of the best adsorption pH of 5. AALW for the adsorption of UVI is more consistent with the Langmuir equation, the hydrolysis time is 4 h ~ (-1) 路AALW and the optimum pH is 5.AALW for the adsorption of U ~ (2 +) V _ (I). The maximum adsorption capacity is 163.67 mg / g. The kinetic model is more suitable for the quasi-second-order kinetic model, and the adsorption time is 240 min. During the adsorption process, some of the UGV I) are exchanged with Na supported by alkali activation. On the other hand, there is a coordination complexation. 2 with the active functional groups on leather. The adsorption of UVI on leather is affected significantly by pH, and the adsorption isotherm of UVI can reach the best at 5:00. The adsorption isotherm of UVI is more suitable for Freundlich equation. The kinetics is more in line with the quasi-second-order kinetic model, and the adsorption equilibrium time is 240 min. during the adsorption process, The optimum conditions for the preparation of oxygen containing functional groups formed by hydrothermal process such as coordination complexation and electrostatic attraction to adsorb UO22 onto HLW. 3, Sponge skin were as follows: tannic acid mass fraction 2, hydrolyzed leather feed quantity 1. 25 g / g, hydrothermal temperature 140 oC, hydrothermal time. The adsorption of UVI by sponge skin was significantly affected by the pH of the solution. The adsorption isotherm of the sponge skin on the UVI is more suitable for the Freundlich equation, the kinetics is more in line with the quasi-second-order kinetic model, and the adsorption equilibrium time is 1080 min. during the adsorption process, the adsorption isotherm of the sponge skin is more suitable to the Freundlich equation, and the kinetics of the adsorption isotherm is more consistent with the quasi-second-order kinetic model. The surface of modified leather is rich in phenolic hydroxyl groups and the active functional groups such as amino and carboxyl groups contained in leather have high adsorption affinity to UVI. In very low concentrations of UGV (with a uranium concentration of 800ugr / L), all three adsorbents exhibit high adsorption rates for uranium. The adsorption performance of AALW on UVI decreased with the increase of HCO 3- concentration. In the adsorption experiments of seven component metal ion solutions, both AALWN HLW and SLW have high selectivity for UVI. The adsorption rates of AALW are 55% and 85% respectively, which is much higher than that of other metal ions. When AALW cycles to 4th times of adsorption, the adsorption rate decreases to 52%, while the resolution rate of AALW can reach 90%, which has good desorption performance. The adsorption rate of HL-W increased after five cycles of adsorption and desorption. In conclusion, the adsorption rate of modified collagen biomaterials on UVI was better than that of the modified collagen, and the adsorption rate of the modified collagen was higher than that of the modified collagen after five cycles of adsorption and desorption, and the adsorption rate of the modified collagen was better than that of the modified collagen. The three modification methods are simple and feasible, which is useful for the enrichment and extraction of uranium from salt lakes.
【學位授予單位】：西南科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：O647.3;TL212.5

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