發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-06 05:19

  本文選題：硝酸銨　切入點(diǎn)：固體　出處：《中北大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：硝酸銨(Ammonium nitrate)是我們非常熟悉的一種化合物,其用途非常廣泛。它不僅是優(yōu)質(zhì)農(nóng)用化肥,同時(shí)它還是許多化學(xué)工業(yè)的原料。在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中,不只使用固態(tài)硝酸銨還常使用硝酸銨高溫水溶液,因此有必要對(duì)硝酸銨進(jìn)行固液兩相全方位的安全性研究,同時(shí)研究雜質(zhì)對(duì)其熱危險(xiǎn)性的影響對(duì)硝酸銨的安全生產(chǎn)使用具有很重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文以硝酸銨熱危險(xiǎn)性為研究主線,從固液兩相分別進(jìn)行研究。對(duì)固態(tài)硝酸銨,首先,通過(guò)同步熱分析技術(shù)對(duì)硝酸銨的升溫分解過(guò)程進(jìn)行分析;其次,利用粉塵層著火溫度裝置、固體自燃點(diǎn)試驗(yàn)儀探討了堆積狀態(tài)硝酸銨熱危險(xiǎn)性,接著利用粉塵云著火溫度裝置研究粉塵云狀硝酸銨熱危險(xiǎn)性;同時(shí)利用固體氧化性試驗(yàn)儀對(duì)硝酸銨的氧化性危險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行研究。對(duì)硝酸銨溶液,首先,使用C600微量熱儀對(duì)硝酸銨溶液進(jìn)行熱分析;其次,使用小容量絕熱試驗(yàn)儀對(duì)硝酸銨溶液的臨界爆炸溫度進(jìn)行測(cè)試研究。具體研究?jī)?nèi)容和結(jié)論如下:(1)硝酸銨在空氣開(kāi)放環(huán)境中發(fā)生吸熱分解,分解產(chǎn)物主要有H2O、NH3、N2O、NO。硝酸銨中摻雜木粉雜質(zhì)時(shí),發(fā)生放熱分解,起始分解溫度降低,木粉質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)增大時(shí),熱分解溫度向高溫方向偏移,放熱量增大。(2)堆積狀態(tài)硝酸銨在高溫?zé)岜砻婕訜嵯?在熔點(diǎn)之前沒(méi)發(fā)生發(fā)火燃燒;當(dāng)混入木粉后,在220℃左右發(fā)生劇烈燃燒,隨著木粉含量的增加,著火溫度呈下降趨勢(shì)。(3)堆積狀態(tài)硝酸銨在高溫環(huán)境下,在熔融之前沒(méi)有發(fā)生自燃,混入木粉,在150℃左右發(fā)生自燃,且自燃溫度隨木粉質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)增大而降低。(4)粉塵云狀硝酸銨在爐壁溫度410℃時(shí)發(fā)火燃燒,加入木粉,著火溫度降至330℃左右,且隨著木粉含量增大,著火溫度降低。(5)硝酸銨氧化性為第2類。硝酸銨標(biāo)簽符號(hào)為“火焰在圓環(huán)上”,被標(biāo)記為“危險(xiǎn)”,危險(xiǎn)說(shuō)明為“可能加劇燃燒;氧化劑”。(6)通過(guò)C600微量熱儀測(cè)試,硝酸銨固體在密閉環(huán)境下在271.6℃發(fā)生放熱分解,加入水形成溶液后,起始分解溫度在濃度80%時(shí)低于純硝酸銨,濃度90%放熱量大于純硝酸銨放熱量。混入Cl-后,硝酸銨水溶液的熱分解溫度顯著減小,隨著Cl-含量增大又呈現(xiàn)逐漸升高的趨勢(shì)。(7)硝酸銨溶液臨界爆炸溫度在濃度70%、80%、90%時(shí),80%濃度臨界爆炸溫度最低,加入氯離子臨界爆炸溫度降低,同時(shí)隨著Cl-含量增大臨界爆炸溫度又呈現(xiàn)升高趨勢(shì)。
[Abstract]:Ammonium nitrateis a very familiar compound that has a wide range of applications. It is not only a high-quality agricultural fertilizer, but also a raw material for many chemical industries. Ammonium nitrate is often used not only in solid ammonium nitrate, but also in high temperature aqueous solution. Therefore, it is necessary to study the safety of ammonium nitrate in both solid and liquid phases. At the same time, it is very important to study the influence of impurity on the thermal hazard of ammonium nitrate. In this paper, the thermal hazard of ammonium nitrate is taken as the main line of study, and the solid ammonium nitrate is studied separately from solid-liquid two phases. The thermal decomposition process of ammonium nitrate was analyzed by simultaneous thermal analysis. Secondly, the thermal hazard of ammonium nitrate in stacking state was discussed by using the dust layer ignition temperature device and the solid spontaneous combustion point tester. Then using the dust cloud ignition temperature device to study the thermal hazard of dust cloud ammonium nitrate; at the same time, using the solid oxidation test instrument to study the oxidation hazard of ammonium nitrate. For the ammonium nitrate solution, first of all, Thermal analysis of ammonium nitrate solution using C600 microcalorimeter. Secondly, The critical explosion temperature of ammonium nitrate solution was measured by using a small capacity adiabatic tester. The specific contents and conclusions are as follows: 1) ammonium nitrate decomposes endothermically in the open air environment. The decomposition products are mainly H _ 2O _ 3 NH _ 3N _ 2O _ 2 no. When the wood powder impurity is doped in ammonium nitrate, the exothermic decomposition occurs, the initial decomposition temperature decreases, and the wood flour mass fraction increases, the thermal decomposition temperature shifts to the high temperature. The accumulated state of ammonium nitrate does not ignite before melting point when heated at high temperature; when mixed with wood flour, it burns violently at about 220 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1573491