本文選題：多級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)　切入點(diǎn)：聚氨酯　出處：《天津工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：靜電紡絲技術(shù)是一種能夠直接、連續(xù)制備納米纖維的高新技術(shù)手段。納微米多級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)材料以其超高比表面積和特有的結(jié)構(gòu)特性,受到越來(lái)越多人們的關(guān)注,廣泛應(yīng)用于信息、能源、環(huán)境等領(lǐng)域,而靜電紡絲法制備多級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)納米纖維也成為近年來(lái)國(guó)內(nèi)外研究熱點(diǎn)。在防護(hù)領(lǐng)域中,防水透濕材料是一種兼顧防水和透濕性的功能面料,又被稱為可呼吸材料或人造皮膚材料,在防護(hù)服裝和戶外休閑服裝等領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮著重要作用。本文旨在采用常規(guī)電紡技術(shù),研發(fā)出一種防水透濕效果與服裝舒適度并存的多級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)納米纖維膜,為我國(guó)高性能防水透濕材料開(kāi)發(fā)提供一定的理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)依據(jù)。本論文主要基于常規(guī)靜電紡絲技術(shù),以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)為溶劑,TPU為主要原料,通過(guò)加入四丁基氯化銨(TBAC)有機(jī)支化鹽,一步法制備仿樹(shù)枝狀TBAC/TPU雙層多級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)納米纖維膜;并依據(jù)"推拉效應(yīng)"原理,構(gòu)筑了單尺度純TPU和多尺度樹(shù)枝狀TBAC/TPU雙層多級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)納米纖維膜。重點(diǎn)研究仿樹(shù)枝狀TBAC/TPU雙層多級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)納米纖維膜紡絲工藝,利用SEM、XPS、EDS、TG等測(cè)試手段分析了納米纖維膜的表面形貌、元素含量以及熱學(xué)性能,同時(shí)分析了雙層防水透濕薄膜的的孔徑分布、機(jī)械性能、親水性、耐靜水壓、透氣透濕、過(guò)濾以及水分傳輸管理等性能。結(jié)果表明:通過(guò)在TPU紡絲液中加入適量TBAC有機(jī)支化鹽能有效制備出仿樹(shù)枝狀多級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)納米纖維膜,其最優(yōu)的紡絲濃度TPU為7 wt%,TBAC為1 wt%,在為電壓45 kV,接收距離10 cm,擠出速率0.5 ml/h電紡工藝下,樹(shù)枝狀結(jié)構(gòu)最為顯著;對(duì)比而言,常規(guī)TPU納米纖維膜具有較強(qiáng)疏水特性,而樹(shù)枝狀納米纖維膜表現(xiàn)出極高的親水性能,二者復(fù)合的雙層多級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)納米纖維膜展現(xiàn)了優(yōu)良的單向?qū)裥阅?當(dāng)TPU層膜厚度0.04 mm,樹(shù)枝狀TBAC/TPU層納米纖維膜厚度為0.08 mm時(shí),雙層納米纖維膜的透濕性為2170 g/m2/d,透氣性為1.16 L/m2/s,耐靜水壓達(dá)100 cm Aq,且該纖維膜對(duì)直徑為0.26 u m NaCl粒子的過(guò)濾效率高達(dá)99.95%,可滿足防護(hù)服裝材料的防護(hù)性能和舒適性能的要求。
[Abstract]:Electrospinning technology is a new and high technology which can produce nanofibers directly and continuously. Nano-micron multilevel structural materials have been paid more and more attention for their ultra-high specific surface area and unique structural characteristics, and have been widely used in information. In the field of energy, environment and so on, the preparation of multilevel nanofibers by electrostatic spinning has become a hot topic at home and abroad in recent years. In the field of protection, waterproof and moisture permeable material is a kind of functional fabric with both waterproof and moisture permeability. Also known as breathing material or artificial skin material, it plays an important role in the field of protective clothing and outdoor leisure clothing. A kind of multilevel structure nanofiber membrane with both waterproof and moisture permeable effect and comfort of clothing is developed, which provides a theoretical and experimental basis for the development of high performance waterproof and moisture permeable materials in China. This paper is mainly based on conventional electrostatic spinning technology. The dendritic TBAC/TPU bilayer multilevel structure nanofiber membrane was prepared by adding tetra#china_person0# ammonium chloride (TBAC) organic branched salt in a one step process, and based on the principle of "push-pull effect", NN- dimethylformamide (DMF) was used as the main raw material. Mono-scale pure TPU and multi-scale dendritic TBAC/TPU double layered multilevel structure nanofiber membranes were constructed. The spinning process of dendritic TBAC/TPU double layered multilevel nanofiber films was studied, and the surface morphology of nano-fiber membranes was analyzed by means of SEMX TBAC/TPU / EDS-TG. Element content and thermal properties. The pore size distribution, mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, hydrostatic pressure resistance, air permeability and moisture permeability of double layer waterproof and moisture permeable film were analyzed. The results show that the dendritic multilevel nanofiber membrane can be effectively prepared by adding proper amount of TBAC organic branching salt to the TPU spinning solution. The optimum spinning concentration TPU is 7 wtand TBAC is 1 wt.The dendriform structure is the most obvious under the conditions of voltage 45 kV, receiving distance 10 cm, extrusion rate 0.5 ml/h electrospinning, and conventional TPU nanofiber film has strong hydrophobic property. The dendritic nanofiber membrane showed high hydrophilicity, and the double layer multilevel nanofiber film with two layers showed excellent unidirectional wet properties, when the thickness of TPU film was 0.04 mm, the thickness of dendritic TBAC/TPU layer nanofiber film was 0.08 mm, and that of dendritic TBAC/TPU film was 0.08 mm. The moisture permeability of the double layer nanofiber membrane is 2170 g / m ~ 2 / d, the permeability is 1.16 L / m ~ 2 / s, the hydrostatic pressure is 100 cm, and the filtration efficiency of the fiber membrane is as high as 99.95% for 0.26 u m NaCl particles, which can meet the requirements of the protective and comfortable properties of protective clothing materials.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TQ340.64

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