本文選題：栝樓籽　切入點：提取　出處：《湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：栝樓籽中含有約26.75%～28.82%的蛋白質(zhì)。研究表明,栝樓籽蛋白質(zhì)中的栝樓素(trichokirin)和糖蛋白已被應(yīng)用在了癌癥等疾病的治療方面。為了利用好這一優(yōu)質(zhì)的植物蛋白,提高其蛋白質(zhì)的提取效率以及研究其功能特性勢在必行。本文以脫脂栝樓籽粉為原料,研究了栝樓籽蛋白的幾種提取方法,并對栝樓籽蛋白質(zhì)的功能特性進行了研究。通過研究為將來栝樓籽蛋白質(zhì)的綜合高效利用提供研究依據(jù)。也為將來栝樓籽的精深加工,為其從食品走向藥品、保健品打下基礎(chǔ)。本文首先研究了堿法提取栝樓籽蛋白質(zhì),該法具有提取率高,成本低,操作簡便等特點。通過分析單因素粒度大小、提取時間、提取溫度、堿溶pH值、固液比和提取率的關(guān)系,了解了栝樓籽蛋白提取的各因素影響范圍,通過正交優(yōu)化試驗,確定了提取栝樓籽蛋白的最佳工藝。在固定粒度大小為100目、酸沉pH為3.8的情況下,提取的最佳工藝條件是：提取溫度70℃、浸提pH值10.0、固液比1：20、提取時間80min。在該工藝條件下栝樓籽蛋白的提取率可達71.10%,純度為77.01%。酶法提取具有反應(yīng)溫和、特異性好、環(huán)境污染較少等特點。由于酶的特異性,不同的酶其與底物作用的條件及結(jié)果各不相同。本文分別比較了幾種不同的酶類提取栝樓籽蛋白的效果,試驗表明,堿性蛋白酶的提取效率達到60.48%,遠遠高于其他幾種酶類,因此選用堿性蛋白酶作為酶法提取的使用酶。通過單因素試驗和響應(yīng)面試驗分析方法,在固定時間150min,酸沉pH3.8的情況下,得出的最佳提取工藝參數(shù)為：固液比為1：30.4,酶用量為3.0%,pH為9.9,提取溫度64.8℃。酶法的提取率可達73.54%,純度為84.78%。本文比較了栝樓籽蛋白質(zhì)的2種純化方法,測定了栝樓籽蛋白的氨基酸組成及含量,結(jié)果表明,其氨基酸組成全面,必需氨基酸組成符合人體需要模式。試驗還分析了栝樓籽蛋白質(zhì)的溶解性、吸水性、吸油性、乳化性、乳化穩(wěn)定性、起泡性及泡沫穩(wěn)定性。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)栝樓籽蛋白質(zhì)有較好的溶解性,與大豆蛋白相比,其吸水性、乳化性、乳化穩(wěn)定性優(yōu)于大豆蛋白；另外其吸油性、起泡性、泡沫穩(wěn)定性略低于大豆蛋白質(zhì),但亦具有良好的加工特性。
[Abstract]:The seeds of Trichosanthes kirilowii contain about 28.82 percent of the protein. Studies show that Trichosanthes kirinis and glycoproteins in the seeds of Trichosanthes kirilowii have been used in the treatment of diseases such as cancer. It is imperative to improve the extraction efficiency and to study the functional characteristics of Trichosanthes kirilowii. In this paper, several extraction methods of Trichosanthes kirilowii seed protein were studied based on the seed powder of Trichosanthes kirilowii. The functional characteristics of Trichosanthes kirilowii seed protein were studied. The study provided the basis for the comprehensive and efficient utilization of Trichosanthes kirilowii seed protein in the future, and also for the further processing of Trichosanthes kirilowii seeds, from food to medicine. In this paper, the extraction of Trichosanthes kirilowii seed protein by alkaline method was studied. The method was characterized by high extraction rate, low cost, simple operation and so on. Through the analysis of single factor particle size, extraction time, extraction temperature, pH value of alkali solution, etc. The relationship between the ratio of solid to liquid and the extraction rate of Trichosanthes kirilowii seed protein was studied. The optimum technology of extracting Trichosanthes kirilowii seed protein was determined by orthogonal optimization experiment. Under the condition of fixed particle size of 100 meshes and pH 3.8 of acid precipitation, the optimum conditions for extracting Trichosanthes kirilowii seed protein were obtained. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: temperature 70 鈩，

本文編號：1558267