發(fā)布時間：2018-03-02 21:33

  本文選題：環(huán)氧氯丙烷　切入點：二氯丙醇　出處：《太原理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：環(huán)氧氯丙烷是一種含有廣泛應(yīng)用價值的有機中間體。目前,工業(yè)生產(chǎn)環(huán)氧氯丙烷的工藝均存在嚴(yán)重的“三廢”問題,處理時需要投入大量的人力、物力和財力,且石油資源愈發(fā)緊缺,世界環(huán)境問題也引起人們的高度重視,嚴(yán)重依賴石油資源的前兩種工藝將遇到發(fā)展瓶頸,而甘油法依賴生物能源,同時還得到國家環(huán)境保護和可持續(xù)發(fā)展政策的大力支持,因此,甘油法有很好的發(fā)展前景。近年來,環(huán)氧氯丙烷已呈現(xiàn)出產(chǎn)能過剩的態(tài)勢,故甘油法生產(chǎn)工藝亟待優(yōu)化,改進設(shè)備與工藝的不足之處,研發(fā)新型、高效催化劑,以便更加環(huán)保的、有效的生產(chǎn)高質(zhì)量的環(huán)氧氯丙烷,科研工作者為此做了大量的研究工作,并取得一定的進展。本課題主要研究二氯丙醇脫HCl合成環(huán)氧氯丙烷工藝,該工藝采用氣-固非均相反應(yīng)體系,擺脫了傳統(tǒng)的皂化工藝,反應(yīng)條件溫和、工藝簡單、流程短;副產(chǎn)物少、不產(chǎn)生工業(yè)廢液、環(huán)保無污染;催化劑易于分離、再生等優(yōu)點。本文以氧化鋁為載體的催化二氯丙醇脫HCl制備ECH的工業(yè)化應(yīng)用為最終目標(biāo)來進行研究,考察了載氣流速、二氯丙醇?xì)饣瘻囟纫约肮腆w堿催化劑的制備條件對二氯丙醇脫HCl反應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)化率、選擇性和收率的影響以及催化劑的壽命,并通過XRD、氮吸附脫附、程序升溫脫附、堿強度測定等對其物化性質(zhì)進行表征,探究了固體堿的比表面積和堿度等因素對二氯丙醇脫HCl反應(yīng)的影響,我們在最佳的實驗條件:常壓下,載氣流速100 ml/min,二氯丙醇?xì)饣瘻囟?0°C,管路保溫套溫度110°C下,優(yōu)選出催化效果較好的固體堿催化劑。主要得出以下結(jié)論:(1)通過探究氧化鉀的不同陰離子前驅(qū)體制備的α-Al_2O_3負(fù)載型固體堿的催化性能,K2O(10%KOH)/α-Al_2O_3催化性能最佳。(2)通過探究不同金屬陽離子的硝酸鹽為前驅(qū)體制備的γ-Al_2O_3負(fù)載型固體堿的催化性能,發(fā)現(xiàn)10%BaO/γ-Al_2O_3催化效果最好。少量的弱堿性位點及大量的強堿性位點是影響其催化活性的重要因素。(3)通過探究不同金屬陽離子的氯化物為前驅(qū)體制備的γ-Al_2O_3負(fù)載型固體堿的催化性能,發(fā)現(xiàn)10%MgCl2/γ-Al_2O_3催化效果最好。少量的弱堿性位點及大量的強堿性位點是影響其催化活性的重要因素。(4)通過探究固體堿催化劑壽命得出:10%BaO/γ-Al_2O_3穩(wěn)定性最好。
[Abstract]:Epichlorohydrin is an organic intermediate with wide application value. At present, the industrial production of epichlorohydrin has serious "three wastes" problem, which requires a great deal of manpower, material and financial resources. Moreover, oil resources are becoming increasingly scarce, and environmental problems in the world have aroused great attention. The first two processes that rely heavily on petroleum resources will encounter bottlenecks in development, while glycerol methods rely on bioenergy. At the same time, it is supported by the national environmental protection and sustainable development policy. Therefore, glycerol method has a good development prospect. In recent years, epichlorohydrin has shown a situation of overcapacity, so the production process of glycerol process needs to be optimized. Improvement of equipment and process deficiencies, research and development of new, efficient catalysts to more environmentally friendly and effective production of high quality epichlorohydrin, researchers have done a lot of research work, In this paper, the process of synthesizing epichlorohydrin from dichloropropanol HCl was studied. The process used gas-solid heterogeneous reaction system to get rid of the traditional saponification process, the reaction conditions were mild, the process was simple and the process was short. There are few by-products, no industrial waste liquid, environmental protection and no pollution, the catalyst is easy to be separated and regenerated. In this paper, the industrial application of catalytic decalcification of dichloropropanol to ECH with alumina as the carrier was studied. The effects of gas flow rate, gasification temperature of dichloropropanol and the preparation conditions of solid base catalyst on the conversion, selectivity and yield of dichloropropanol HCl, as well as the lifetime of the catalyst were investigated. The adsorption and desorption of dichloropropanol by XRD, nitrogen adsorption and temperature programmed desorption were carried out. The physical and chemical properties were characterized by alkali strength measurement, and the effects of specific surface area and alkalinity of solid base on the HCl reaction of dichloropropanol were investigated. The carrier airflow velocity is 100 ml / min, the gasification temperature of dichloropropanol is 80 擄C, the temperature of pipe insulation is 110 擄C, The main conclusions are as follows: 1) by exploring the catalytic performance of 偽 -Al2O3 supported solid base prepared by different anion precursors of potassium oxide, the catalytic performance of K _ 2O-10KOHU / 偽 -Al _ 2O _ 3 / 偽 -Al _ 2O _ 3 solid base / 偽 -Al _ 2O _ 3 is optimized by exploring the catalytic performance of 偽 -Al _ 2O _ 3-supported solid base / 偽 -Al _ 2O _ 3. Catalytic properties of 緯 -Al _ 2O _ 3 supported solid base prepared with nitrate of metal cations as precursor, It is found that 10O / 緯 -Al2O3 has the best catalytic effect. A small number of weakly basic sites and a large number of strong alkalinity sites are important factors affecting its catalytic activity.) 緯 -Al _ 2O _ 3 supported solid prepared from chlorides of different metal cations as precursors is investigated. Catalytic activity of body bases, It is found that 10MgCl _ 2 / 緯 -Al _ 2O _ 3 catalyst has the best catalytic effect, and a small number of weak basic sites and a large number of strong basic sites are important factors affecting its catalytic activity.) by exploring the lifetime of solid base catalyst, it is concluded that 10O / 緯 -Al _ 2O _ 3 has the best stability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ223.26;O643.36

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