本文關(guān)鍵詞： 發(fā)芽大麥 γ-氨基丁酸 脅迫 富集 固體飲料　出處：《安徽科技學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：大麥(Hordeum vulgareL.)是我國(guó)古老的作物之一,種植面積僅次于小麥、水稻、玉米,位居全球第四。大麥營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富,其成份符合當(dāng)代營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)所需的"三高兩低"。目前,世界上很多國(guó)家對(duì)大麥醫(yī)療及保健價(jià)值的研究表明,大麥營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值豐富,還具有良好的藥用價(jià)值,萌發(fā)后的大麥多種酶被合成或激活,植酸等營(yíng)養(yǎng)抑制因子降低或消失,γ-氨基丁酸(γ-Aminobutyric Acid,GABA)等功能性成份的含量顯著增加,其營(yíng)養(yǎng)性得到進(jìn)一步改善。植物主要通過(guò)GABA支路合成GABA,而谷氨酸脫羧酶(Glutamate decarboxylase,GAD)是此路徑的主要限速酶,通過(guò)低溫和低氧環(huán)境脅迫可以增加GAD活力,促使GABA大量富集。本文研究了大麥中主要生理指標(biāo)隨發(fā)芽過(guò)程的變化;通過(guò)低溫聯(lián)合低氧脅迫優(yōu)化出富集GABA的最佳培養(yǎng)條件;以富含GABA的發(fā)芽大麥粉和生姜粉為主要原料,復(fù)配優(yōu)化得到發(fā)芽大麥生姜固體飲料的最佳工藝條件,具體研究如下:(1)隨發(fā)芽時(shí)間增加,大麥營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)消耗,功能性成份富集。表現(xiàn)出芽長(zhǎng)伴隨呼吸強(qiáng)度不斷增加;干物質(zhì)持續(xù)減少、可溶性糖與還原糖含量增加;可溶性蛋白下降以及游離氨基酸增加。球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量均下降,而清蛋白含量增加。GABA富集量伴隨GAD活力增加,在發(fā)芽3天時(shí)GAD活力最高,此時(shí)的GABA富集量最大為53.56mg/100gFW,較0天增加了 27.86%。(2)單因素試驗(yàn)表明,發(fā)芽時(shí)間、發(fā)芽溫度、氧氣濃度的增加,GABA富集量和GAD活力均先增加后降低。對(duì)此三因素設(shè)計(jì)響應(yīng)面優(yōu)化試驗(yàn),得到的最佳培養(yǎng)方式為14℃,培養(yǎng)36h,氧氣濃度為17%。此條件下預(yù)測(cè)得到的GABA富集量為88.97 mg/100gFW。驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)表明,此培養(yǎng)條件下得到的GABA富集量最大為88.74 mg/100gFW,理論值與試驗(yàn)值的誤差較小。因此,低溫聯(lián)合低氧脅迫條件能夠促進(jìn)大麥富集GABA。(3)以單因素試驗(yàn)為基礎(chǔ),以可溶性固形物為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),優(yōu)化得到發(fā)芽大麥的最佳浸提工藝為:發(fā)芽大麥粉與水1:20(g:mL),150W,60℃,超聲提取30min,此時(shí)可溶性固形物含量為8.34g/100mL。經(jīng)均質(zhì)、噴霧干燥得到的原料大麥粉與生姜粉按6:4配比,輔料添加量以原料粉(按100%計(jì))的量為基準(zhǔn),麥芽糊精25%,檸檬酸0.5%,SPSS 4%,木糖醇20%,得到固體飲料。
[Abstract]:Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the ancient crops in our country. It is second only to wheat, rice and corn, and ranks 4th in the world. Studies on the medical and health value of barley in many countries in the world show that barley is rich in nutritional value and has good medicinal value, and many enzymes of germinated barley are synthesized or activated. The content of functional components such as 緯 -Aminobutyric acid (緯 -Aminobutyric acid) was significantly increased. The nutrient properties of GABA were further improved. The plant synthesized GABA mainly through the GABA branch, and Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) was the main rate-limiting enzyme in this pathway, and the activity of GAD could be increased by low temperature and low oxygen stress. In this paper, we studied the changes of main physiological indexes in barley with germination process, optimized the optimum culture conditions of GABA enrichment by low temperature and hypoxia stress, and used germinated barley powder and ginger powder rich in GABA as main raw materials. The optimum technological conditions of germinating barley ginger solid beverage were obtained by compound blending. The specific research was as follows: 1) with the increase of germination time, barley nutrient consumption, functional component enrichment, and the appearance of sprouting length accompanied by increasing respiratory intensity; The content of soluble sugar and reducing sugar increased, the content of soluble protein and free amino acid increased, the contents of globulin, gliadin and glutenin decreased, while the concentration of albumin increased with the increase of GAD activity. The maximum concentration of GABA was 53.56 mg / 100 g FW at the 3rd day of germination, which increased 27.86. 2% compared with 0 day. The single factor experiment showed that the germination time, germination temperature, germination temperature, With the increase of oxygen concentration, the enrichment of GABA and the activity of GAD increased first and then decreased. The optimum culture method was obtained by designing the response surface optimization test for these three factors at 14 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1547345