水下管道水平泄漏羽流動力學研究
本文關(guān)鍵詞: 海流 孔徑佛汝德數(shù) 含氣率 泄漏流量 靈敏度 FLUENT 出處:《集美大學》2017年碩士論文 論文類型:學位論文
【摘要】:海底石油管道被稱為油田的生命線,隨著海底石油資源開采和石油長距離運輸不斷增多,因管道泄漏而發(fā)生的溢油事故也逐年增多,這些溢油事故不但存在較大的安全隱患,而且對海洋環(huán)境造成不可估量的破壞。因此,為了給溢油事故的應急響應提供重要信息,對溢油在水中擴散特性的研究極為重要;诖,本文對水下管道水平泄漏的溢油運動進行實驗及數(shù)值模擬。論文主要工作如下:首先,在水箱內(nèi)進行了水下管道的泄漏實驗,分析了泄漏孔徑及管內(nèi)壓力對羽流運動的影響。實驗結(jié)果表明:管道內(nèi)壓力及泄漏孔徑對泄漏流量及所形成油滴的直徑有重要影響。在一定的雷諾數(shù)及壓力下,泄漏孔徑越大,油滴的尺寸也越大,且泄漏流量也越大。此外,隨著管道內(nèi)壓力及孔徑佛汝德數(shù)的增大,油液到達水面的時間增長,泄漏流量也隨之增大。其次,采用商業(yè)軟件FLUENT對單相油及油氣兩相流體的水平泄漏進行了數(shù)值模擬?紤]海流流速、油滴的尺寸、含氣率等因素的影響,詳細分析了單相流體及油氣兩相流體的運動特點,數(shù)值計算結(jié)果表明:對于單相流體泄漏,除了管道內(nèi)壓力之外,海流流速、油滴尺寸都是影響溢油上升到水面時間的重要因素。海流流速越大,溢油上升到水面的時間越長;油滴尺寸越大,溢油上升的速度也越快。對于油氣兩相流體泄漏,隨著含氣率增高,羽流紊流程度逐漸提高,卷吸作用增強,溢油上升到水面的時間縮短。最后,對實驗結(jié)果與模擬結(jié)果進行了對比分析,結(jié)果表明:實驗模擬的羽流運動形態(tài)與數(shù)值模擬的羽流運動形態(tài)基本一致,數(shù)值模擬更好地彌補了由于實驗條件限制而沒有考慮的因素。在以上研究基礎上對數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果進行靈敏度分析,分析結(jié)果為泄漏事故采取應急措施提供一定依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The submarine oil pipeline is called the lifeline of the oil field. With the increasing exploitation of oil resources and long-distance transportation of oil, the accidents of oil spill due to pipeline leakage are also increasing year by year. Therefore, in order to provide important information for the emergency response to oil spill accidents, it is extremely important to study the characteristics of oil spill diffusion in water. The main work of this paper is as follows: firstly, the leakage experiment of underwater pipeline is carried out in the water tank. The effects of leakage aperture and pressure in pipe on plume movement are analyzed. The experimental results show that the pressure and diameter of leakage have an important effect on the leakage flow rate and the diameter of the oil droplet formed. The larger the leak aperture is under a certain Reynolds number and pressure, the larger the leakage aperture is. The larger the size of the oil droplet and the larger the leakage flow rate, the larger the leak flow rate increases with the increase of the pressure in the pipeline and the Froude number of pore diameter. The horizontal leakage of single phase oil and oil / gas two-phase fluid is numerically simulated by commercial software FLUENT. Considering the influence of current velocity, oil droplet size and gas content, the movement characteristics of single-phase fluid and oil-gas two-phase fluid are analyzed in detail. Numerical results show that: for single-phase fluid leakage, except for the pressure in the pipeline, the current velocity and the size of the oil droplet are all important factors affecting the time of oil spill rising to the surface of the water, and the larger the current velocity, the longer the time of oil spill rising to the surface; The larger the size of oil droplets, the faster oil spills rise. For oil and gas two-phase fluid leakage, with the increase of gas content, the plume turbulent degree increases gradually, the entrainment increases, and the time of oil spill rising to the surface of the water is shortened. The experimental results are compared with the simulation results. The results show that the simulated plume motion pattern is basically the same as the numerical simulation plume motion pattern. Based on the above research, the sensitivity analysis of the numerical simulation results is carried out, which provides a certain basis for emergency measures for the leakage accident.
【學位授予單位】:集美大學
【學位級別】:碩士
【學位授予年份】:2017
【分類號】:TE973.92
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