本文關鍵詞： 化學沉淀法 有機磷 除磷 紫外分光光度法　出處：《山東大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：為防止冷卻循環(huán)水系統(tǒng)中管道結垢和腐蝕,常添加定量的阻垢緩蝕劑,其中最為常用的為有機磷系緩蝕阻垢劑。但是又帶來了新環(huán)境問題,使出水中的磷含量增加,超出國家一級排放標準。因此,應采取措施將循環(huán)水中有機磷去除。而有機磷酸鹽現(xiàn)今采用的方法是將其先氧化降解為無機磷酸鹽,再加入相應化學藥劑即可除磷。其中氧化降解方法有光催化氧化降解、臭氧氧化降解等,這些方法成本較高,適用范圍較窄,且步驟繁瑣,設備復雜。為彌補現(xiàn)今有機磷去除方法的不足,本試驗選用化學沉淀法,即直接加入定量的鈣鹽、鐵鹽或鋁鹽將循環(huán)水中有機磷直接去除。通過對比分析不同藥劑除磷效果確定最佳藥劑,并深入探究了磷去除的影響因素和強化措施,并分析除磷機理。主要試驗結論如下:1.研究了單一投加 FeSO_4、FeCl_3、Al_2(SO_4)_3、聚合 AlCl_3、Ca(OH)_2 五種除磷藥劑對含有有機磷HEDP廢水除磷效果,結果表明,Ca(OH)_2除磷效果最差,且出水中磷濃度為3.826mg/L,遠高于一級排放標準0.5mg/L,最先淘汰。前四種除磷藥劑處理效果理想,出水濃度分別為0.489、0.462、0.423、0.460 mg/L,均達到排放要求。2.改進試驗方法,采用鈣鹽與鐵鹽或鋁鹽聯(lián)合投加的方法除磷,出水濃度均達標,且數(shù)值相差較小,考慮到試驗的經濟性,選擇價格低廉的硫酸亞鐵作為最佳除磷藥劑。通過探究藥劑的用量、反應時間等因素,從而獲得最佳反應條件:當氫氧化鈣投加量為0.052g,硫酸亞鐵濃度為2g/L,反應時間為30min時,有機磷HEDP去除效率可達到95.9%。3.在最佳反應條件下處理含有ATMP、HEDP、PBTCA三種不同比例有機磷廢水,有機磷去除效率均大于94%,且出水濃度均低于0.5mg/L,可達標排放,處理效果顯著,充分表明最佳反應條件對于處理含有多種有機磷的廢水同樣適用。4.通過紅外圖譜分析沉淀物結構,探究除磷機理,對比分析所得結論為有機磷隨鐵的氫氧化物沉淀而從水中去除。5.研究了在最佳反應條件下對實際廢水除磷的強化措施。通過探究投加雙氧水和曝氣兩種強化方式,從而確定最佳反應條件:雙氧水濃度為36mg/L,曝氣時間為8min。兩種強化除磷方法均可降低出水磷濃度,且均小于0.5mg/L,達到一級排放標準。6.探究了水體中常見共存離子對有機磷去除效果的影響,試驗結論:Mg~(2+)、NH~(4+)和SO_4~(2-)對有機磷去除具有抑制作用;Cu~(2+)對有機磷去除具有促進作用;Zn~(2+)、Cl~-對有機磷的去除效果不產生影響。綜上所述,本試驗選用氫氧化鈣和硫酸亞鐵結合投加使用的方法來處理有機磷廢水,無需前期氧化,對于自配廢水和實際廢水處理效果均較為顯著。該方法步驟簡化,藥品低廉,降低成本,不產生二次污染,為有機磷的去除提供了新方法,在工業(yè)循環(huán)水處理有機磷方面具有現(xiàn)實意義和應用價值。
[Abstract]:In order to prevent fouling and corrosion of pipes in cooling circulating water system, quantitative scale and corrosion inhibitors are often added, among which organic phosphorus is the most commonly used corrosion inhibitor. However, it brings new environmental problems and increases phosphorus content in effluent. Exceeding national discharge standards... therefore, measures should be taken to remove organophosphorus from circulating water. Organic phosphates are now being oxidized to inorganic phosphates, The methods of oxidative degradation include photocatalytic degradation, ozonation degradation and so on. The cost of these methods is high, the scope of application is narrow, and the steps are tedious. The equipment is complex. In order to make up for the deficiency of the present organic phosphorus removal method, the chemical precipitation method is used in this experiment, that is, direct addition of quantitative calcium salt, Iron salt or aluminum salt directly removed organic phosphorus from circulating water. The optimum phosphorus removal effect was determined by comparing and analyzing the effect of different chemicals, and the influencing factors and strengthening measures of phosphorus removal were discussed in depth. The main experimental conclusions are as follows: 1.The effect of phosphorus removal by adding FeSO4 / FeCl3S / Al2SO4 / S / S / S / S / S / Al _ 2S / S _ 2S _ 4 / S _ 2S _ 4 / S _ 2S _ 4 / S _ 2S _ 4 / S _ 2, and the effect of polymerized AlCl _ 3 / CaOHH _ 2 on phosphorus removal of HEDP wastewater was studied. The results showed that CaOHH _ 2 had the worst effect on phosphorus removal from wastewater containing organophosphorus. And the phosphorus concentration in the effluent is 3.826 mg / L, which is much higher than the first class discharge standard of 0.5 mg / L, and is eliminated first. The first four phosphorus removal chemicals have the ideal treatment effect, the effluent concentration is 0.489 ~ 0.462n 0.423 ~ 0.423 ~ 0.460 mg / L, all meet the discharge requirement .2. improve the test method, Using calcium salt combined with iron salt or aluminum salt to remove phosphorus, the effluent concentration is up to standard, and the value difference is relatively small. Considering the economy of the test, the low price ferrous sulphate is selected as the best phosphorus removal agent. When the dosage of calcium hydroxide is 0.052 g, the concentration of ferrous sulfate is 2 g / L, the reaction time is 30 min. The removal efficiency of organophosphorus HEDP can reach 95.9mg / L. Under the optimum reaction conditions, the removal efficiency of organic phosphorus from three different proportions of organophosphorus wastewater is more than 94, and the effluent concentration is lower than 0.5 mg / L, which can reach the standard of discharge, and the treatment effect is remarkable. It is fully indicated that the optimum reaction conditions are also suitable for the treatment of wastewater containing multiple organophosphorus. The structure of precipitate is analyzed by infrared spectra, and the mechanism of phosphorus removal is explored. The conclusion is that organophosphorus is removed from water with the hydroxide precipitation of iron. The strengthening measures of phosphorus removal from waste water under the optimum reaction conditions are studied. Two strengthening ways of adding hydrogen peroxide and aeration are explored. The optimum reaction conditions were determined as follows: hydrogen peroxide concentration was 36 mg / L, aeration time was 8 min. All of them are less than 0.5 mg / L, reaching the first class discharge standard. 6. The effect of common co-existing ions on the removal efficiency of organophosphorus was investigated. It is concluded that: (1) (2) (2) (2)) and so _ (4) (2)) have inhibitory effect on the removal of organic phosphorus; (2) it can promote the removal of organophosphorus; (2) there is no effect on the removal of organophosphorus. In conclusion, there is no effect on the removal of organophosphorus, so _ (4) and so _ (4) have no effect on organic phosphorus removal. In this experiment, calcium hydroxide and ferrous sulfate were used to treat organophosphorus wastewater without prior oxidation. It can reduce the cost and avoid secondary pollution, which provides a new method for the removal of organic phosphorus, and has practical significance and application value in the treatment of organic phosphorus in industrial circulating water.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X703

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