本文關(guān)鍵詞： AFFF 季銨鹽類氟碳表面活性劑 表面張力 配方設(shè)計 滅火時間　出處：《南京理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：傳統(tǒng)水成膜泡沫滅火劑(AFFF)中的含氟化合物對環(huán)境有害,自斯德哥爾摩公約簽訂以來,尋找合適的AFFF替代物已成為國際火災(zāi)科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的熱門研究方向。基于這種考慮,本文合成了一種高效、無毒、環(huán)境友好的季銨鹽類氟碳表面活性劑,以此為核心,設(shè)計出水成膜泡沫滅火劑的配方并進行性能評估,主要工作如下:(1)季銨鹽陽離子氟碳表面活性劑的合成。以D2為原料經(jīng)加成、水解和酰胺化等反應(yīng)合成季銨鹽類氟碳表面活性劑,經(jīng)紅外、氫譜、氟譜、碳譜等表征方法確定目標化合物結(jié)構(gòu);同時對該氟碳表面活性劑的相關(guān)表面性能進行了研究。實驗結(jié)果表明:該氟碳表面活性劑表面性能優(yōu)異,有較低的臨界膠束濃度(cmc為9.2×10~(-4)mol/L)和較低表面張力(γcmc為20.29mN/m)。(2)基于季銨鹽氟碳表面活性劑設(shè)計水成膜泡沫滅火劑。篩選滅火劑中的其它各個組分,配制泡沫滅火劑溶液進行相關(guān)理化性能評估,結(jié)果表明:該泡沫滅火劑溶液的相關(guān)理化性能均已達到或接近國家標準,其中該泡沫滅火劑溶液的表面張力為21.9 mN/m,在環(huán)乙烷表面緩慢鋪展,發(fā)泡性能較好,但析液時間較短;同時進行滅火性能評估,結(jié)果表明:該泡沫滅火劑滅火時間較長(156s),邊緣火難以滅掉,抗復(fù)燃能力差(350s),遠低于國家標準(600s)。(3)對水成膜泡沫滅火劑的配方進行優(yōu)化設(shè)計。研究該季銨鹽氟碳表面活性劑與碳氫表面活性劑的協(xié)同作用,表明季銨鹽氟碳表面活性劑與辛烷磺酸鈉-APG0810復(fù)配協(xié)同效果最佳,該復(fù)配體系的表面張力由原來的20.29 mN/m降低至19.75 mN/m。同時,參照表面張力、發(fā)泡倍數(shù)、25%析液時間等評價方法,篩選水成膜泡沫滅火劑其他組分的最佳添加量,最后配制滅火劑泡沫溶液并進行理化性能及滅火性能評估。結(jié)果表明:優(yōu)化后的泡沫滅火劑溶液的相關(guān)理化性能均已達到《水成膜泡沫滅火劑》的要求;表面張力為20.1 mN/m、在環(huán)乙烷上快速鋪展;滅火時間短(57s),且抗燒時間較長(13min23s)。參照標準GB 15308-2006,得出該類泡沫滅火劑達到IIIC級別。綜上,本課題設(shè)計的滅火劑可作為含全氟辛基類水成膜泡沫滅火劑的替代品。
[Abstract]:Fluorine compounds in traditional water film forming foam extinguishing agent (AFFFFF) are harmful to the environment, since the Stockholm Convention was signed. Finding suitable AFFF substitutes has become a hot research direction in the field of fire science. Based on this consideration, a highly efficient, non-toxic, environment-friendly quaternary ammonium salt fluorocarbon surfactant has been synthesized in this paper. Based on this, the formulation of water film forming foam fire extinguishing agent was designed and its performance was evaluated. The main work was as follows: 1) Synthesis of quaternary ammonium cationic fluorocarbon surfactant. D2 as raw material was added. Quaternary ammonium salts fluorocarbon surfactants were synthesized by hydrolysis and amidation. The target compounds were characterized by IR, hydrogen, fluorine and carbon spectra. At the same time, the surface properties of the fluorocarbon surfactant were studied. The experimental results show that the fluorocarbon surfactant has excellent surface properties. There is a lower critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 9.2 脳 10 ~ (-4) mol / L and a lower surface tension (緯 _ (cmc) = 20.29 mn 路m ~ (-1) 路m ~ (2)). The design of water film foam fire extinguishing agent based on quaternary ammonium salt fluorocarbon surfactant. The related physical and chemical properties of the foam fire extinguishing agent solution were evaluated. The results showed that the related physical and chemical properties of the foam fire extinguishing agent solution were up to or close to the national standard. The surface tension of the foam fire extinguishing agent solution is 21.9 mn / m, which spreads slowly on the surface of cyclohexane, and its foaming performance is better, but the time of liquid evolution is relatively short. At the same time, the fire extinguishing performance was evaluated. The results showed that the foam extinguishing agent had a long fire extinguishing time (156s), the edge fire was difficult to extinguish, and the ability of anti-recurrence was poor (350s). The formulation of water film forming foam fire extinguishing agent was optimized and the synergistic effect of the quaternary ammonium salt fluorocarbon surfactant and hydrocarbon surfactant was studied. The results showed that the synergistic effect of quaternary ammonium salt fluorocarbon surfactant and octanesulfonate sodium APG0810 was the best. The surface tension of the compound system was reduced from 20.29 mN/m to 19.75 mn / m. At the same time, with reference to the surface tension, the foam multiple of 25% liquid evolution time and other evaluation methods. Screening the best addition amount of other components of water film forming foam extinguishing agent. Finally, the chemical and physical properties and fire extinguishing performance of the foam solution were prepared and evaluated. The results showed that the physicochemical properties of the optimized foam fire extinguishing agent solution had met the requirements of "water film foam fire extinguishing agent". The surface tension is 20.1 mn / m, spreading rapidly on cyclohexane; The fire extinguishing time is less than 57s ~ (-1), and the fire resistance time is longer (13min 23s). According to the standard GB 15308-2006, it is concluded that this kind of foam extinguishing agent can reach IIIC grade. The fire extinguishing agent designed in this paper can be used as a substitute for perfluorooctane water film forming foam fire extinguishing agent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ423;TQ569

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