發(fā)布時間：2018-01-19 01:02

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 季銨鹽 有機(jī)硅 短氟鏈 表面活性劑 合成 表面性能 脫水干燥　出處：《浙江理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：季銨鹽型表面活性劑是目前應(yīng)用最廣泛的一類陽離子表面活性劑,其可用作織物整理劑,如殺菌劑、柔軟劑、抗靜電劑和乳化劑等,在紡織行業(yè)有著很大的實(shí)際應(yīng)用性。本論文以表面活性劑發(fā)展的綠色化、高效化、多功能化為主導(dǎo)思想,設(shè)計(jì)合成了六種季銨鹽有機(jī)硅表面活性劑和兩種短氟鏈季銨鹽表面活性劑,系統(tǒng)地研究了其表面性能,并將其應(yīng)用于棉織物的脫水干燥實(shí)驗(yàn)中,為季銨鹽型表面活性劑在紡織品節(jié)能加工中的應(yīng)用提供了實(shí)驗(yàn)依據(jù)。本論文具體內(nèi)容如下:第一章介紹了本課題的來源及研究意義,并對表面活性劑的結(jié)構(gòu)與性質(zhì)及其在各領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用進(jìn)行了概述。第二章合成了三種單離子型有機(jī)硅季銨鹽表面活性劑,通過FTIR和1H NMR表征了產(chǎn)物的結(jié)構(gòu),并采用單因素法優(yōu)化了反應(yīng)條件。其最佳反應(yīng)條件為:以苯甲醇為溶劑,KI為催化劑,在N2保護(hù)下于95℃反應(yīng)48 h,原料摩爾配比(叔胺∶氯丙基硅氧烷∶KI)為1∶3∶0.03。通過表面張力、接觸角、水解性能、吸附性能的測定研究了其表面性能及應(yīng)用性能。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)三種表面活性劑均能將水的表面張力降至21 mN·m-1左右,且其在不同基材表面的潤濕性能受其結(jié)構(gòu)影響。通過測定其表面張力隨時間的變化值可知三種表面活性劑都較易水解,且其在棉織物表面均具有良好的吸附性能。第三章合成了三種具有不同連接基的雙子型有機(jī)硅季銨鹽表面活性劑,通過FTIR和1H NMR表征了產(chǎn)物的結(jié)構(gòu),并采用單因素法優(yōu)化了反應(yīng)條件。其最佳反應(yīng)條件為:以苯甲醇為溶劑,KI為催化劑,在N2保護(hù)下于100℃反應(yīng)48 h,原料摩爾配比為1∶4∶0.04。通過表面張力、接觸角、水解性能、吸附性能的測定研究了其表面性能及應(yīng)用性能。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)三種表面活性劑均可將水的表面張力降至20 mN·m-1左右,且其在不同基材表面的潤濕性能受其連接基的影響較小。通過測定其表面張力隨時間的變化值可知以酰胺基為連接基的兩種表面活性劑極易水解,且三種表面活性劑在棉織物表面均具有良好的吸附性能。第四章合成了兩種具有不同連接基的短氟鏈季銨鹽表面活性劑,通過FTIR和1H NMR表征了產(chǎn)物的結(jié)構(gòu)。通過表面張力、復(fù)配性能、接觸角的測定研究了其表面性能。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)兩種表面活性劑均能將水的表面張力降至20 mN·m-1以下,其臨界膠束濃度(CMC)分別為0.3 mmol·L-1和1.1 mmol·L-1。通過測定其與SDBS的復(fù)配性能可知,當(dāng)復(fù)配液中兩組分的質(zhì)量濃度比為1∶1時,各組分間的協(xié)同效應(yīng)達(dá)到最佳。通過測定處理前后聚丙烯(PP)膜表面的接觸角可知處理后的PP膜具有更好的潤濕性能。第五章將所合成的八種季銨鹽表面活性劑應(yīng)用于棉織物的脫水干燥實(shí)驗(yàn)中,建立了系統(tǒng)的脫水方法,測試了經(jīng)不同表面活性劑溶液浸漬后滌棉織物的保水率、帶液率及其脫水效率,并通過捕泡法研究了織物在不同溶液中的表面能。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),經(jīng)表面活性劑溶液浸漬后的滌棉織物保水率和帶液率相對于純水的均有所下降,且隨著表面活性劑溶液濃度的增大,其保水率和帶液率逐漸降低。其中,經(jīng)0.5 g·L-1單離子型有機(jī)硅季銨鹽表面活性劑IV1浸漬后的滌棉織物脫水效率提高最多,達(dá)到24.84%。
[Abstract]:Quaternary ammonium surfactant is a kind of cationic surfactant is the most widely used at present, which can be used as fabric finishing agent, such as bactericidal agent, softening agent, antistatic agent and emulsifier, has a great practical application in the textile industry. The development of green, with surface active agent with high efficiency multi function, as the dominant ideology, designed and synthesized six kinds of quaternary ammonium silicone surfactants and two kinds of short chain fluorinated quaternary ammonium surfactants, systematically studied the surface properties, and its application in the drying experiment of cotton fabrics, provide an experimental basis for the application of quaternary ammonium salt type surface the active agent in such processing of textiles. The main contents of this thesis are as follows: the first chapter introduces the origin and significance of the research, and the structure and properties of surfactants and its application in various fields are summarized. The second chapter is the synthesis of three Single ionic organosilicon quaternary ammonium surfactants, by the structure of the product was characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR, and using single factor method to optimize the reaction conditions. The optimum reaction conditions are as follows: benzene methanol as solvent, KI as catalyst, under the protection of N2 to 95 DEG C for 48 h, the mole ratio of raw materials (TERT amine: chloride propyl siloxane: KI) 1: 3: 0.03. by surface tension, contact angle, hydrolysis resistance, adsorption properties determination of the surface properties and application properties. The study found that three kinds of surfactants can be the surface tension of water to 21 mN - M-1, and the wettability of different the surface of the substrate are influenced by their structures. By measuring the surface tension change with time indicating that the three kinds of surfactants are easily hydrolyzed, and the cotton fabrics have good adsorption properties. Three kinds of gemini type different connections were synthesized in Chapter third Organosilicon quaternary ammonium surfactants, by the structure of the product was characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR, and using single factor method to optimize the reaction conditions. The optimum reaction conditions are as follows: benzene methanol as solvent, KI as catalyst, under the protection of N2 to 100 DEG C for 48 h, the mole ratio of raw material is 1: 4: 0.04. by means of surface tension, contact angle, hydrolysis resistance, adsorption properties determination of the surface properties and application properties. The study found that three kinds of surfactants can be the surface tension of water to 20 mN - M-1, and its wettability on different substrates by the effects of medium small. Even through the determination of its the surface tension changes with time value according to the amide linker of two kinds of surfactants can be easily hydrolyzed, and three kinds of surfactants have good adsorption properties on fabric surface. The fourth chapter was synthesized with two different short connecting base Fluorine chain quaternary ammonium surfactants, by the structure of the product was characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR. Surface tension, compatibility, contact angle determination of the surface properties. The study found that two kinds of surfactants can be the surface tension of water to 20 mN - M-1 below the critical micelle concentration (CMC) were 0.3 mmol L-1 and 1.1 mmol L-1. by measuring the performance of the compound with SDBS, when the mixture of two components in the concentration ratio of 1: 1, the synergistic effect among the components to achieve the best. Through the determination of before and after the treatment of polypropylene (PP) membrane contact angle showed that the wettability of PP processing after the film surface is better. The fifth chapter will drying experiment of eight synthetic quaternary ammonium surfactants used in cotton fabric, a method of dehydration system, the water retention rate by different surfactant solution after impregnation of polyester cotton fabric were tested, with The liquid rate and dehydration efficiency, and through the study of the surface fabric in different solution method can capture global. The study found that the surfactant solution impregnated polyester cotton fabric with liquid and water retention rate compared to pure water were decreased, and with the concentration of surfactant solution increased, Paul the rate of water and liquid rate decreased gradually. Among them, by 0.5 g - L-1 single ionic organosilicon quaternary ammonium surfactant IV1 impregnated polyester cotton fabric to improve the dehydration efficiency up to 24.84%.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ423.12;TS195.2

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