發(fā)布時間：2018-01-16 00:22

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：微膠囊阻燃劑的制備及其在PVC膜結(jié)構(gòu)材料中應(yīng)用研究　出處：《浙江理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 阻燃 抑煙 錫酸鋅 氫氧化鎂 相容性 聚氯乙烯

【摘要】：PVC膜結(jié)構(gòu)材料是以高強織物例如滌綸織物等為骨架,兩面均勻涂覆聚氯乙烯涂層材料,具有成本低廉、韌性優(yōu)良,易加工等優(yōu)點,而被廣泛應(yīng)用在建筑、運動、休閑等領(lǐng)域。一般柔性PVC涂層膜材料加工過程中需加入大量增塑劑(60%以上)以提高柔軟度和改善樣品的加工性能,而增塑劑一般為易燃物,這不僅大幅度降低PVC膜材料的阻燃性能,而且也會限制此類材料的廣泛應(yīng)用。柔性PVC膜材料在燃燒的過程中會放出大量有毒有害黑煙,威脅人類生命安全,因此對于PVC的阻燃消煙的研究具有重要意義。為了降低材料的潛在火災(zāi)危害,需要研發(fā)一種“綠色環(huán)�！备咝ё枞家譄焺﹣頋M足材料阻燃要求。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)錫類化合物例如錫酸鋅(ZnSnO3)可以作為含鹵聚合物材料的高效阻燃抑煙劑,其添加量僅為5%~10%,但其在基體中分散性較差且成本較高,因此應(yīng)用受到限制。為了提高ZnSnO3阻燃效率及其在聚合物基體中的分散性,同時又降低阻燃劑使用成本,將氫氧化鎂(MTH)包覆ZnSnO3和三聚氰胺甲醛樹脂(MF)與MTH雙層包覆ZnSnO3,組成鎂-錫-鋅、氮-鎂-錫-鋅協(xié)同阻燃體系,是一種切實可行的方法。本課題首先選用綠色環(huán)保的錫酸鋅(ZS)為芯材料,以氫氧化鎂和三聚氰胺甲醛樹脂作為囊材,采用化學(xué)沉淀法和原位聚合法制備單層和雙層微膠囊阻燃劑。利用傅里葉紅外光譜、X射線粉末衍射儀(XRD)、透射電鏡(TEM)、場發(fā)射掃描電鏡(SEM)、熱重分析(TGA)等方法對其進(jìn)行了一系列表征。其結(jié)果顯示制備的單層和雙層微膠囊阻燃劑粒徑為50nm~250nm,具有核殼分層結(jié)構(gòu),其熱穩(wěn)定性也發(fā)生了變化。將制備的微膠囊阻燃劑通過機械攪拌法加入PVC漿料制備阻燃PVC膜材料,采用垂直水平燃燒法,極限氧指數(shù)法(LOI),煙密度測試(SDR),熱重分析(TGA),掃描電鏡(SEM)等方法測試了其阻燃抑煙性能,結(jié)果表明微膠囊阻燃劑添加量8%左右,即可使PVC膜材料的LOI值提高至27%以上,同時在垂直水平燃燒測試中,燃燒剩余長度大幅增加,煙密度下降至50%以下,表現(xiàn)出優(yōu)異的阻燃抑煙性能。最后通過掃描電鏡、拉伸性能測試和旋轉(zhuǎn)流變儀研究了微膠囊阻燃劑在基體中分布情況和其對基體機械性能的影響。研究結(jié)果顯示相較于純氫氧化鎂和錫酸鋅等無機阻燃劑在基體中的分布情況,經(jīng)過三聚氰胺甲醛樹脂包覆的雙層微膠囊阻燃劑在基體中分布更均勻,團聚現(xiàn)象較少,表現(xiàn)出更佳的分散性。同時雙層微膠囊阻燃劑對于基體機械性能影響程度較小于前述無機阻燃劑,表現(xiàn)出和基體更好的相容性。雙層微膠囊在PVC漿料中對其黏度影響程度最小,不會大幅度增加PVC漿料黏度,對生產(chǎn)加工工藝的影響較小,增加了后期應(yīng)用范圍。
[Abstract]:PVC membrane structure material is based on high strength fabric such as polyester fabric and evenly coated with PVC coating material on both sides. It has the advantages of low cost, good toughness and easy processing, so it is widely used in construction. Sports, leisure and other fields. In general, flexible PVC coating film materials need to add a large amount of plasticizer more than 60%) in order to improve the softness and improve the processing performance of the sample, while the plasticizer is generally flammable. This will not only greatly reduce the flame retardancy of PVC membrane materials, but also limit the wide application of these materials. Flexible PVC membrane materials will emit a large number of toxic and harmful black smoke during combustion. As a threat to human life and safety, it is of great significance to study the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of PVC, in order to reduce the potential fire hazards of materials. It is necessary to develop a kind of "green environmental protection" high efficiency flame retardant and smoke suppressant to meet the requirements of material flame retardancy. It has been found that tin compounds such as zinc stearate ZnSnO _ 3). It can be used as an effective flame retardant and smoke suppressant for halogenated polymer materials. The addition amount of ZnSnO3 is only 5 / 10, but its dispersion in the matrix is poor and the cost is high, so its application is limited. In order to improve the flame retardant efficiency of ZnSnO3 and its dispersity in polymer matrix. At the same time, the use cost of flame retardant was reduced. Magnesium hydroxide and melamine formaldehyde resin were coated with ZnSnO3 and melamine formaldehyde resin respectively. ZnSnO _ 3 was coated with MTH to form magnesia-tin zinc. Nitrogen-magnesium-tin zinc synergistic flame-retardant system is a feasible method. First of all, the green zinc stearate ZSs is chosen as the core material, and magnesium hydroxide and melamine formaldehyde resin are used as the capsule materials. Monolayer and double-layer microcapsule flame retardants were prepared by chemical precipitation and in situ polymerization. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and other methods were used to characterize the flame retardants. The results showed that the diameter of the prepared flame retardants was 50 nm. The microcapsule flame retardant was added into the PVC slurry by mechanical stirring method to prepare the flame retardant PVC membrane material, and the vertical horizontal combustion method was adopted. The flame retardancy and smoke inhibition were tested by limiting oxygen index (LO) method, smoke density test (SDR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the LOI value of PVC film can be increased to more than 27% when the amount of microcapsule flame retardant is about 8%, and the residual length of combustion is increased greatly in the vertical horizontal combustion test. The smoke density decreased below 50%, showing excellent flame retardancy and smoke inhibition. Finally, scanning electron microscope was used. The distribution of microencapsulated flame retardant in matrix and its effect on the mechanical properties of the matrix were studied by tensile test and rotary rheometer. The results showed that the flame retardants such as pure magnesium hydroxide and zinc stannate were found in the matrix compared with those of inorganic flame retardants such as pure magnesium hydroxide and zinc stannate. The distribution of. The flame retardant of double-layer microcapsule coated with melamine formaldehyde resin is more evenly distributed in the matrix, and the phenomenon of agglomeration is less. At the same time, the effect of double-layer microcapsule flame retardants on the mechanical properties of the matrix is less than that of the inorganic flame retardants mentioned above. The effect of double-layer microcapsules on the viscosity of PVC slurry is the least, and the viscosity of PVC slurry will not be increased significantly, but the effect on the production and processing process is small. The range of later application is increased.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TS195.24

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