本文關(guān)鍵詞：聚丙烯腈基導(dǎo)電纖維和微納結(jié)構(gòu)聚苯胺的制備及其性能研究　出處：《中原工學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 光催化 聚丙烯腈纖維 CuS Ni_3S_4 聚苯胺 超級電容器

【摘要】：日益嚴(yán)重的水污染和能源欠缺問題使得人們正極力開發(fā)有效的辦法來解決這一問題。其中,半導(dǎo)體光催化降解技術(shù)因能徹底降解污染物、無二次污染、反應(yīng)條件溫和等優(yōu)點,使其在緩解污染水問題方面具有極大的應(yīng)用前景。將具有光催化活性物質(zhì)負(fù)載于纖維織物上,制備出兼具優(yōu)良催化活性和機(jī)械性能的多功能纖維是未來走向工業(yè)實際應(yīng)用的一種重要研究方向。針對能源危機(jī)問題,除了開發(fā)綠色新能源之外,能源儲存技術(shù)也受到國家的高度重視。電化學(xué)電容器,作為一種新型的能源儲存設(shè)備,因其龐大的潛在價值,吸引了科研工作者的研究興趣。本文重點研究了以聚丙烯腈纖維為基底,采用化學(xué)螯合、溶劑熱法制備了PAN@CuS導(dǎo)電纖維、PAN@CuS@Ni_3S_4功能化纖維織物。首先,通過掃描電鏡(SEM)、傅里葉轉(zhuǎn)換紅外光譜(FT-IR)、X射線衍射(XRD)分別對所制備的材料做了表征,并探究其在光催化降解有機(jī)廢水上的應(yīng)用。其后,又采用電化學(xué)沉積法合成了微納米結(jié)構(gòu)聚苯胺。通過循環(huán)伏安法、恒定電流充放電法、交流阻抗法等手段對所制備材料的電化學(xué)性能做了測試,主要工作如下:(1)采用化學(xué)螯合法制備聚丙烯腈導(dǎo)電纖維,優(yōu)化后的反應(yīng)條件為絡(luò)合劑的濃度5mg/ml,反應(yīng)溫度95℃,反應(yīng)時間135 min,硫酸銅的濃度25 mg/ml。在拉伸實驗中,較低濃度的絡(luò)合劑環(huán)境下,絡(luò)合劑濃度的增加使得制備的聚丙烯腈纖維斷裂拉伸應(yīng)變增加。當(dāng)使用過量的絡(luò)合劑時,因改變聚丙烯腈纖維的固有結(jié)構(gòu)使其斷裂應(yīng)變又有所降低。然而,絡(luò)合劑的濃度和硫酸銅的濃度對所制備樣品拉伸強(qiáng)度卻沒有太大的影響。(2)采用溶劑熱法制備PAN@CuS@Ni_3S_4催化劑,經(jīng)過溶劑熱后PAN纖維發(fā)生了部分解取向,導(dǎo)致其特征衍射峰降低。SEM、Mapping分析得出,在PAN纖維表面均勻負(fù)載著致密的硫化銅薄層。當(dāng)引入硫化鎳后生成了高度有序的菠蘿狀微納米異質(zhì)結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)。通過控制反應(yīng)時間探討了其生長機(jī)理,得出6 h所得纖維表面負(fù)載的催化劑結(jié)構(gòu)較為規(guī)整有序。然后,改變反應(yīng)溶劑體系,例水、無水乙醇、乙二醇、異丙醇探究溶劑對其形貌的影響。在對亞甲基藍(lán)和羅丹明B的光催化降解實驗中,相比于純PAN纖維和PAN@CuS,PAN@CuS@Ni_3S_4因其獨特形貌和生成的異質(zhì)結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)揮協(xié)同作用進(jìn)而表現(xiàn)出優(yōu)異的催化降解活性。紫外光照4 h后就能將有機(jī)染料基本降解完全,降解效率高達(dá)97%。PAN纖維表面結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)過5次循環(huán)催化后基本無坍塌現(xiàn)象,仍保持有90%的催化降解效率。(3)電化學(xué)法制備微納米結(jié)構(gòu)聚苯胺的研究,分別對所制樣品做了SEM、FT-IR、XRD等表征。其中,PANI-H_2SO_4呈類珊瑚狀微納結(jié)構(gòu),PANI-CSA呈三維網(wǎng)狀纖維結(jié)構(gòu),而PANI-H_3PO_4則呈現(xiàn)出與PANI-H_2SO_4相類似的珊瑚狀。不過PANI-H_3PO_4短棒的直徑略大于PANI-H_2SO_4。循環(huán)伏安測試中,三維網(wǎng)狀纖維結(jié)構(gòu)的PANI-CSA在30 mV/s較大掃速下曲線基本不發(fā)生變化,體現(xiàn)出較好的電容特性。在0.5 A/g的電流密度下,放電比容量為321 F/g,當(dāng)電流密度增大到5 A/g時也有220 F/g的放電比容量。在交流阻抗和循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性測試中,PANI-CSA電極與其他兩種電極相比在電化學(xué)過程顯現(xiàn)出較低的電阻,并且0.5 A/g電流密度下經(jīng)過1000次循環(huán)后容量保持率仍然高達(dá)95%表現(xiàn)更為優(yōu)異的電化學(xué)活性。
[Abstract]:Water pollution and energy shortage is becoming more and more serious so that people are trying to develop an effective way to solve the problem. Among them, the photocatalytic degradation technology for degradation of pollutants, no two pollution, mild reaction conditions and other advantages, which has great application prospect in alleviating water pollution problems will have. The load on the fabric of photocatalytic active material, preparation of multifunctional fiber has excellent catalytic activity and mechanical properties is an important research direction of future industrial application. Aiming at the problem of energy crisis, in addition to the development of new green energy, energy storage technology is also highly valued by the state. The electrochemical capacitor as a new type of energy storage equipment, because of its huge potential value, has attracted research interest of researchers. This paper focuses on the research of polyacrylonitrile fiber with medium At the end, using chemical chelation, PAN@CuS conductive fiber by solvothermal method, PAN@CuS@Ni_3S_4 functional fiber fabric. First of all, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X ray diffraction (XRD) of the prepared materials were characterized, and explore its application in photocatalytic degradation the organic waste water. And then, by electrochemical deposition of micro nano structure of polyaniline was synthesized by cyclic voltammetry, constant current charge discharge method, AC impedance method is tested on the electrochemical performance of as prepared materials, the main work is as follows: (1) preparation of conductive PAN fiber by chemical chelating reaction method. The optimized concentration of 5mg/ml as complexing agent, reaction temperature 95 C, reaction time 135 min, 25 mg/ml. copper sulfate concentration in the tensile test, low concentration of complexing agent environment, increase the concentration of complexing agent makes preparation The polyacrylonitrile fiber tensile strain increases. When using excessive complexing agent, because of the inherent structure change of polyacrylonitrile fiber the fracture strain decreased. However, the concentration of copper sulfate and complexing agent on the preparation of sample, the tensile strength is not much affected. (2) the preparation of PAN@CuS@Ni_3S_4 catalyst solvothermal method, after solvent heat PAN fiber was deorientation, leads to the characteristic diffraction peaks decreased.SEM, Mapping analysis, on the surface of PAN fiber with uniform load of copper sulfide thin tight. When the introduction of nickel sulfide after the formation of a highly ordered pineapplelike micro nano heterojunction structure. By controlling the reaction time of the growth mechanism of the 6 h fiber obtained from surface supported catalyst structure is ordered. Then, the reaction solvent, water, ethanol, ethylene glycol, isopropanol Solution Research Effects of surfactant on the morphology. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and Rhodamine B, compared to the pure PAN fiber and PAN@CuS, PAN@CuS@Ni_3S_4 because of its unique morphology and structure of heterojunction generate synergy and exhibit excellent photocatalytic activity under ultraviolet irradiation. After 4 h can be degraded completely organic dyes and the degradation efficiency is as high as the surface structure of 97%.PAN fiber after 5 cycles after the catalytic no collapse phenomenon, still maintain the photocatalytic degradation efficiency 90%. (3) electrochemical preparation of micro nano structure of polyaniline, respectively on the prepared sample was SEM, FT-IR, XRD and PANI-H_2SO_4 were characterized. The coral the shape of the micro nano structure, PANI-CSA a three-dimensional reticular fiber structure, while PANI-H_3PO_4 showed a similar PANI-H_2SO_4 coral. But PANI-H_3PO_4 short rod diameter is slightly larger than the PANI-H_2SO_4. cyclic voltammetry test In the curve of three-dimensional reticular fiber structure of the PANI-CSA in the 30 mV/s large scanning rate does not change, reflecting the good capacitance characteristics. At the current density of 0.5 A/g, the discharge capacity is 321 F/g, when the current density increased to 5 A/g when a discharge specific capacity of 220 F/g. The AC impedance and the cycle stability test, the PANI-CSA electrode and the other two electrodes compared to show low resistance in the electrochemical process, and the current density of 0.5 A/g after 1000 cycles the capacity retention rate is still as high as 95% more excellent electrochemical activity.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中原工學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ342.3;O633.21

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