本文關鍵詞：磷鎢酸銫—瓜環(huán)包合物催化廢棄食用油制備生物柴油　出處：《西南石油大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

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【摘要】：隨著科學技術和社會經(jīng)濟的飛速發(fā)展,人類對能源的依賴性越來越大。我國是一個能源消耗大國,能源需求量的不斷增長與日益減少的能源儲量之間的矛盾日益凸顯。并且,傳統(tǒng)的化石能源既不可再生又會對環(huán)境造成污染。因此,尋找一種替代常規(guī)化石能源的清潔可再生能源顯得格外重要。生物柴油是一種新型可再生的清潔能源,它無毒,可再生和可生物降解,因而受到越來越多科學家的關注。本文在結合中國的基本國情之上,選用了廢棄食用油來作為制備生物柴油的原料,一是可有效降低生產(chǎn)成本;二是可有效處理廢棄食用油,能夠有效避免其經(jīng)過提煉再以食用油的身份流向餐桌危害消費者健康。本論文在參考國內(nèi)外研究的基礎上,采用兩步法合成了磷鎢銫多金屬氧酸鹽Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40和七元瓜環(huán)(CB[7])包合物,并將其用于催化廢棄食用油轉化為生物柴油的實驗研究。通過相關的實驗研究和數(shù)據(jù)分析,驗證了本文的實驗思路是可行的。本文的主要研究內(nèi)容如下:(1)制備了磷鎢酸銫-瓜環(huán)的包合物。磷鎢酸銫的制備采用兩步法:先使用磷酸氫二鈉和鎢酸鈉制得磷鎢酸,然后使用磷鎢酸和碳酸銫制得磷鎢酸銫。七元瓜環(huán)的制備也采用了兩步法:先用尿素和乙二醛制得甘脲,然后使用甘脲和多聚甲醛制得七元瓜環(huán)。最后按照磷鎢酸銫和七元瓜環(huán)物質(zhì)的量1:1的配比在超聲作用下得到了最后的包合物。并采用紅外和XRD(X射線衍射)對單體和包合物以及單體混合物進行了表征,以證明包合的嘗試是可行的。(2)通過響應面法優(yōu)化實驗分析,求得在最佳反應條件下,即催化劑用量為2.00wt%、醇油比為11:1、反應時間為150min、反應溫度為70℃時,本實驗的最大轉化率可以達到95.1%。通過建模,得到了各反應條件和實驗轉化率之間的編碼的二次線性回歸方程。通過P值、等高線圖和殘差圖的分析,驗證了實驗模型的可靠性。(3)對實驗進行動力學分析,在擬合直線的線性相關系數(shù)的平方值都是大于0.99的條件下,對實驗中反應的動力學數(shù)據(jù)進行了分析,得到了速率常數(shù)、活化能和指前因子。(4)通過對實驗產(chǎn)品的成分分析,可以確定本實驗產(chǎn)品是生物柴油無誤,且脂肪酸甲酯的比例達到了96.80%。通過對生物柴油產(chǎn)品的理化性質(zhì)分析,可以確定其多項理化性質(zhì)都滿足美國生物柴油標準ASTM D6751和國家生物柴油標準GB/T25199-2010。瓜環(huán)的內(nèi)部空腔可以用于包合磷鎢酸銫,并且將此包合物應用于催化廢棄食用油轉化為生物柴油具有很高的催化效率,在一個比較容易實現(xiàn)的實驗條件下,取得了較好的實驗轉化率。并且通過分析,得到的生物柴油產(chǎn)品的脂肪酸甲酯含量比例高,各理化性質(zhì)理論上可以滿足柴油機的燃燒需求。從而驗證了本論文研究工作的意義,為妥善處理廢棄食用油提供了一種新的催化劑可供選擇。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of science and technology and social economy, people depend more and more on energy. The contradiction between the increasing energy demand and the decreasing energy reserves is increasingly prominent. Moreover, the traditional fossil energy is neither renewable nor pollution to the environment. It is particularly important to find a clean and renewable alternative to conventional fossil energy. Biodiesel is a new type of renewable clean energy, it is non-toxic, renewable and biodegradable. Therefore, more and more scientists pay attention to it. Based on the basic conditions of China, this paper selects waste cooking oil as the raw material for the preparation of biodiesel. First, it can effectively reduce the production cost; Second, it can effectively deal with the waste edible oil, and can effectively avoid the status of cooking oil after refining to the table to endanger consumer health. This paper on the basis of reference to domestic and foreign research. Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40 and CB were synthesized by two-step method. [7) inclusion complex and its application in catalytic conversion of waste edible oil to biodiesel. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1). The inclusion compound of cesium phosphotungstate and melon ring was prepared. The preparation of cesium phosphotungstate was carried out in two steps: first, the phosphotungstic acid was prepared from disodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium tungstate. Caesium phosphotungstic acid and cesium carbonate were used to obtain cesium phosphotungstate. At last, the final inclusion compound was obtained by ultrasonic action according to the ratio of cesium phosphotungstate and 1: 1. The final inclusion compound was obtained by IR and XRD (1: 1). The monomer, inclusion compound and monomer mixture were characterized by X-ray diffraction. In order to prove the feasibility of inclusion. 2) by optimizing the experimental analysis by response surface method, the optimum reaction conditions are obtained, that is, the amount of catalyst is 2.00 wtand the ratio of alcohol to oil is 11: 1. When the reaction time is 150 min and the reaction temperature is 70 鈩，

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