碳基納米材料結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與調(diào)控及其電化學(xué)性能研究
本文關(guān)鍵詞：碳基納米材料結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與調(diào)控及其電化學(xué)性能研究 出處：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文 論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文
更多相關(guān)文章： 冰模板 SiO_2雙模板 多孔碳 碳?xì)?/b> 超級(jí)電容器
【摘要】：超級(jí)電容器作為一種重要的能源存儲(chǔ)技術(shù),具有鋰離子電池和普通電解電容器不具備的諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn)。目前超級(jí)電容器實(shí)現(xiàn)更大規(guī)模的應(yīng)用主要障礙是其能量密度相對(duì)較低和制作成本較高,因此,該領(lǐng)域致力于提高能量密度和降低制作成本。商用超級(jí)電容器的電極材料主要是碳基材料。碳基超級(jí)電容器存在的主要問(wèn)題是:居高不下的制備成本,制約了它的應(yīng)用范圍;而其孔徑分布不合理導(dǎo)致的容量難以提高,則是碳基電容器電極材料制備的瓶頸。使用豐富的可再生資源制備孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)可調(diào)的碳納米材料是一種有效的降低超級(jí)電容器成本的方法。通過(guò)對(duì)碳基超級(jí)電容器材料的孔徑級(jí)配和孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì),嘗試不同方法對(duì)碳基材料進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)控,以研究不同碳基納米結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)碳基超級(jí)電容器電化學(xué)儲(chǔ)能性能的影響是本文研究的研究目標(biāo)。本論文主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:1、以檸檬酸為原料通過(guò)冰模板法制備多孔碳?xì)饽z,以KOH作為活化劑進(jìn)行高溫活化處理,腐蝕活化出更多微孔,實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)分級(jí)多孔的碳?xì)饽z的可控制備。液氮快速冷凍得到的最終樣品具有圓柱形大孔,而冰箱慢速冷凍得到的最終樣品具有狹縫形大孔結(jié)構(gòu)。冷凍方式不同可以得到不同孔型的碳?xì)饽z。液氮和冰箱冷凍碳?xì)饽z,在2mV/s的掃速下比電容分別達(dá)到204.3 Fg-1和235.6 Fg-1。兩種冰模板制備方法簡(jiǎn)單環(huán)保,為利用可再生資源制備分級(jí)多孔碳電極材料提供了一種新的制備方法。2、盡管利用冰模板法可以制備出具有良好電化學(xué)性能的多孔碳,但是制備的多孔碳的孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)可控性需進(jìn)一步提高。本論文首次提出將KIT-6和氧化硅球組裝在一起構(gòu)成二氧化硅雙模板。利用結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)和尺寸優(yōu)化制備出的二氧化硅雙模板,通過(guò)木素磺酸鹽灌注、高溫碳化、模板去除和化學(xué)活化等過(guò)程實(shí)現(xiàn)多孔碳孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化,制備出電容性能良好的分級(jí)多孔碳材料。木素磺酸鹽這種天然高分子材料是非常理想的模板法制備多孔碳的原材料。本研究為利用可再生資源制備具有結(jié)構(gòu)可調(diào)的多孔碳材料提供了一種有效可行的設(shè)計(jì)思路。3、在進(jìn)行碳材料結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)控的基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計(jì)了無(wú)機(jī)納米結(jié)構(gòu)-碳復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)電極材料。用尿素做形態(tài)導(dǎo)向,通過(guò)一步水熱法制備TiO2,所得TiO2在NH3氣氛下800℃氮化1h。之后,葡萄糖水熱法涂覆薄層碳。最后,在管式爐中800℃的NH3氣氛下1h同時(shí)經(jīng)歷了進(jìn)一步的氮化和完全碳化,轉(zhuǎn)化為包碳TiN。由于TiN優(yōu)異的導(dǎo)電性,制備成超級(jí)電容器電極后活性材料海膽狀包碳TiN和基板之間具有的很好的導(dǎo)電接觸。碳?xì)た梢员Ｗo(hù)多晶TiN不受機(jī)械開(kāi)裂和化學(xué)氧化的影響。薄層碳?xì)た梢蕴岣逿iN的穩(wěn)定性。綜上所述,本論文的研究?jī)?nèi)容主要是碳基納米材料的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與調(diào)控。基于冰模板法制備碳?xì)饽z,通過(guò)對(duì)冷卻條件的精確調(diào)控,得到不同孔型的多孔碳?xì)饽z,活化進(jìn)一步提高了電容性能。以工業(yè)和生活廢棄物提取的天然高分子為主要原料,通過(guò)二氧化硅雙模板法對(duì)碳孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)及其相關(guān)電學(xué)特性的調(diào)控,得到分級(jí)多孔碳電極材料。探索了碳?xì)ぐ睺iN納米結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)建。論文從性能設(shè)計(jì),化學(xué)合成和結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)控,以及將不同電容器材料復(fù)合,進(jìn)行了深入的理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,并獲得了高性能的超級(jí)電容器電極材料。本論文所述的研究結(jié)果和設(shè)計(jì)思路為制備高性能低成本的超級(jí)電容器碳材料提供了很好的參考。對(duì)低成本高性能電極材料的設(shè)計(jì)和制備具有重要的參考價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:The super capacitor as an important energy storage technology has many advantages of lithium ion batteries and ordinary electrolytic capacitors with super capacitor application. The main obstacle is the larger energy density is relatively low and the production cost is high, therefore, this field is committed to improving the energy density and reduce production cost. The electrode material of super capacitor is the main commercial carbon based materials. The main problems of carbon based supercapacitor is: high preparation cost, restrict its application range; and the pore size distribution of the capacity to improve, it is the bottleneck of carbon based capacitor electrode material prepared by use of renewable. Resource preparation with adjustable pore structure of carbon nano materials rich is an effective method to reduce the cost of the super capacitor. The carbon based supercapacitor material gradation and aperture The design of the pore structure, try a different method of structure regulation on carbon based materials, affect the performance of carbon based supercapacitor storage in different carbon based nano structure research object of this thesis is to study. The main contents of this dissertation are as follows: 1, raw material by ice template synthesis of porous carbon aerogels with lemon acid, with KOH as activation agents were activated at high temperature, corrosion activated more micropores, the carbon aerogel on the hierarchical porous controllable preparation. The final sample obtained with liquid nitrogen to freeze cylindrical hole, and the final sample refrigerator slow freezing has been slit shaped pore structure in different ways can be frozen. Carbon aerogels with different pass. Liquid nitrogen and carbon aerogels in the freezer, sweep speed 2mV/s specific capacitance was 204.3 Fg-1 and 235.6 Fg-1. two ice template preparation method is simple and environmental protection, The use of renewable resources for the preparation of hierarchical porous carbon electrode material provides a new method for the preparation of.2, although the use of ice template method can prepare porous carbon with excellent electrochemical properties of porous carbon, but by the controllable pore structure need to be further improved. This paper first introduces KIT-6 and silicon oxide the ball assembled together to form silica silica prepared by double template. The structure design and size optimization for double template, through high temperature carbonization, lignosulfonate perfusion, optimize the pore structure of porous carbon template removal and chemical activation process, preparation of hierarchical porous carbon materials good capacitive properties. This kind of natural polymer materials of lignosulfonate raw material is the ideal template preparation of porous carbon. This study provides a use of renewable resources for preparation of porous carbon materials with adjustable structure Effective and feasible design method of.3, based on the structure of carbon material control, the design structure of inorganic nano carbon composite electrode material with urea. The structure morphology of TiO2 oriented, prepared by one step hydrothermal method, then the TiO2 under NH3 atmosphere at a temperature of 800 DEG C nitride 1h., hydrothermal method thin layer of carbon coated glucose. Finally, in the tube furnace in 800 DEG C under NH3 atmosphere 1H also experienced further nitridation and carbonization, converted to carbon coated TiN. due to conductive TiN excellent, preparation of super capacitor electrode active material urchinlike package between carbon TiN and substrate with conductive contact is very good. The carbon shell can the protection of polycrystalline TiN is not affected by mechanical cracking and chemical oxidation. The thin carbon shell can improve the stability of the TiN. In summary, the main contents of the dissertation is the design of the structure and regulation of carbon nano materials. The preparation of carbon aerogel template method based on ice Through the precise control of the cooling conditions, the obtained porous carbon aerogels with different hole type, activation to further improve the capacitance performance. Natural polymer extracted by industrial and domestic waste as the main raw material, the regulation characteristics of carbon pore structure and its related power through silica double template method, get the hierarchical porous carbon electrode materials are discussed. The carbon shell construction of TiN nanostructures. The performance design, chemical synthesis and structure regulation, and the composite of different capacitor materials, theoretical and experimental researches were carried out, and obtained a super capacitor electrode material with high performance. The research results and the design ideas of this paper provide a good the reference for the preparation of high performance and low cost of the super capacitor carbon materials. The design and production of low cost and high performance electrode material prepared has important reference value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TB383.1;TM53
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