發(fā)布時間：2018-01-09 18:27

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：碳基納米材料結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計與調(diào)控及其電化學性能研究　出處：《山東大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 冰模板 SiO_2雙模板 多孔碳 碳殼 超級電容器

【摘要】：超級電容器作為一種重要的能源存儲技術(shù),具有鋰離子電池和普通電解電容器不具備的諸多優(yōu)點。目前超級電容器實現(xiàn)更大規(guī)模的應用主要障礙是其能量密度相對較低和制作成本較高,因此,該領(lǐng)域致力于提高能量密度和降低制作成本。商用超級電容器的電極材料主要是碳基材料。碳基超級電容器存在的主要問題是:居高不下的制備成本,制約了它的應用范圍;而其孔徑分布不合理導致的容量難以提高,則是碳基電容器電極材料制備的瓶頸。使用豐富的可再生資源制備孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)可調(diào)的碳納米材料是一種有效的降低超級電容器成本的方法。通過對碳基超級電容器材料的孔徑級配和孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計,嘗試不同方法對碳基材料進行結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)控,以研究不同碳基納米結(jié)構(gòu)對碳基超級電容器電化學儲能性能的影響是本文研究的研究目標。本論文主要研究內(nèi)容如下:1、以檸檬酸為原料通過冰模板法制備多孔碳氣凝膠,以KOH作為活化劑進行高溫活化處理,腐蝕活化出更多微孔,實現(xiàn)了對分級多孔的碳氣凝膠的可控制備。液氮快速冷凍得到的最終樣品具有圓柱形大孔,而冰箱慢速冷凍得到的最終樣品具有狹縫形大孔結(jié)構(gòu)。冷凍方式不同可以得到不同孔型的碳氣凝膠。液氮和冰箱冷凍碳氣凝膠,在2mV/s的掃速下比電容分別達到204.3 Fg-1和235.6 Fg-1。兩種冰模板制備方法簡單環(huán)保,為利用可再生資源制備分級多孔碳電極材料提供了一種新的制備方法。2、盡管利用冰模板法可以制備出具有良好電化學性能的多孔碳,但是制備的多孔碳的孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)可控性需進一步提高。本論文首次提出將KIT-6和氧化硅球組裝在一起構(gòu)成二氧化硅雙模板。利用結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計和尺寸優(yōu)化制備出的二氧化硅雙模板,通過木素磺酸鹽灌注、高溫碳化、模板去除和化學活化等過程實現(xiàn)多孔碳孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化,制備出電容性能良好的分級多孔碳材料。木素磺酸鹽這種天然高分子材料是非常理想的模板法制備多孔碳的原材料。本研究為利用可再生資源制備具有結(jié)構(gòu)可調(diào)的多孔碳材料提供了一種有效可行的設(shè)計思路。3、在進行碳材料結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)控的基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計了無機納米結(jié)構(gòu)-碳復合結(jié)構(gòu)電極材料。用尿素做形態(tài)導向,通過一步水熱法制備TiO2,所得TiO2在NH3氣氛下800℃氮化1h。之后,葡萄糖水熱法涂覆薄層碳。最后,在管式爐中800℃的NH3氣氛下1h同時經(jīng)歷了進一步的氮化和完全碳化,轉(zhuǎn)化為包碳TiN。由于TiN優(yōu)異的導電性,制備成超級電容器電極后活性材料海膽狀包碳TiN和基板之間具有的很好的導電接觸。碳殼可以保護多晶TiN不受機械開裂和化學氧化的影響。薄層碳殼可以提高TiN的穩(wěn)定性。綜上所述,本論文的研究內(nèi)容主要是碳基納米材料的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計與調(diào)控�；诒０宸ㄖ苽涮細饽z,通過對冷卻條件的精確調(diào)控,得到不同孔型的多孔碳氣凝膠,活化進一步提高了電容性能。以工業(yè)和生活廢棄物提取的天然高分子為主要原料,通過二氧化硅雙模板法對碳孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)及其相關(guān)電學特性的調(diào)控,得到分級多孔碳電極材料。探索了碳殼包覆TiN納米結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)建。論文從性能設(shè)計,化學合成和結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)控,以及將不同電容器材料復合,進行了深入的理論和實驗研究,并獲得了高性能的超級電容器電極材料。本論文所述的研究結(jié)果和設(shè)計思路為制備高性能低成本的超級電容器碳材料提供了很好的參考。對低成本高性能電極材料的設(shè)計和制備具有重要的參考價值。
[Abstract]:The super capacitor as an important energy storage technology has many advantages of lithium ion batteries and ordinary electrolytic capacitors with super capacitor application. The main obstacle is the larger energy density is relatively low and the production cost is high, therefore, this field is committed to improving the energy density and reduce production cost. The electrode material of super capacitor is the main commercial carbon based materials. The main problems of carbon based supercapacitor is: high preparation cost, restrict its application range; and the pore size distribution of the capacity to improve, it is the bottleneck of carbon based capacitor electrode material prepared by use of renewable. Resource preparation with adjustable pore structure of carbon nano materials rich is an effective method to reduce the cost of the super capacitor. The carbon based supercapacitor material gradation and aperture The design of the pore structure, try a different method of structure regulation on carbon based materials, affect the performance of carbon based supercapacitor storage in different carbon based nano structure research object of this thesis is to study. The main contents of this dissertation are as follows: 1, raw material by ice template synthesis of porous carbon aerogels with lemon acid, with KOH as activation agents were activated at high temperature, corrosion activated more micropores, the carbon aerogel on the hierarchical porous controllable preparation. The final sample obtained with liquid nitrogen to freeze cylindrical hole, and the final sample refrigerator slow freezing has been slit shaped pore structure in different ways can be frozen. Carbon aerogels with different pass. Liquid nitrogen and carbon aerogels in the freezer, sweep speed 2mV/s specific capacitance was 204.3 Fg-1 and 235.6 Fg-1. two ice template preparation method is simple and environmental protection, The use of renewable resources for the preparation of hierarchical porous carbon electrode material provides a new method for the preparation of.2, although the use of ice template method can prepare porous carbon with excellent electrochemical properties of porous carbon, but by the controllable pore structure need to be further improved. This paper first introduces KIT-6 and silicon oxide the ball assembled together to form silica silica prepared by double template. The structure design and size optimization for double template, through high temperature carbonization, lignosulfonate perfusion, optimize the pore structure of porous carbon template removal and chemical activation process, preparation of hierarchical porous carbon materials good capacitive properties. This kind of natural polymer materials of lignosulfonate raw material is the ideal template preparation of porous carbon. This study provides a use of renewable resources for preparation of porous carbon materials with adjustable structure Effective and feasible design method of.3, based on the structure of carbon material control, the design structure of inorganic nano carbon composite electrode material with urea. The structure morphology of TiO2 oriented, prepared by one step hydrothermal method, then the TiO2 under NH3 atmosphere at a temperature of 800 DEG C nitride 1h., hydrothermal method thin layer of carbon coated glucose. Finally, in the tube furnace in 800 DEG C under NH3 atmosphere 1H also experienced further nitridation and carbonization, converted to carbon coated TiN. due to conductive TiN excellent, preparation of super capacitor electrode active material urchinlike package between carbon TiN and substrate with conductive contact is very good. The carbon shell can the protection of polycrystalline TiN is not affected by mechanical cracking and chemical oxidation. The thin carbon shell can improve the stability of the TiN. In summary, the main contents of the dissertation is the design of the structure and regulation of carbon nano materials. The preparation of carbon aerogel template method based on ice Through the precise control of the cooling conditions, the obtained porous carbon aerogels with different hole type, activation to further improve the capacitance performance. Natural polymer extracted by industrial and domestic waste as the main raw material, the regulation characteristics of carbon pore structure and its related power through silica double template method, get the hierarchical porous carbon electrode materials are discussed. The carbon shell construction of TiN nanostructures. The performance design, chemical synthesis and structure regulation, and the composite of different capacitor materials, theoretical and experimental researches were carried out, and obtained a super capacitor electrode material with high performance. The research results and the design ideas of this paper provide a good the reference for the preparation of high performance and low cost of the super capacitor carbon materials. The design and production of low cost and high performance electrode material prepared has important reference value.

【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TB383.1;TM53

【相似文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 陳新麗;李偉善;;超級電容器電極材料的研究現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展[J];廣東化工;2006年07期

2 許開卿;吳季懷;范樂慶;冷晴;鐘欣;蘭章;黃妙良;林建明;;水凝膠聚合物電解質(zhì)超級電容器研究進展[J];材料導報;2011年15期

3 梓文;;超高能超級電容器[J];兵器材料科學與工程;2013年04期

4 ;歐盟創(chuàng)新型大功率超級電容器問世[J];功能材料信息;2014年01期

5 周霞芳;;無污染 充電快 春節(jié)后有望面市 周國泰院士解密“超級電容器”[J];環(huán)境與生活;2012年01期

6 江奇,瞿美臻,張伯蘭,于作龍;電化學超級電容器電極材料的研究進展[J];無機材料學報;2002年04期

7 朱修鋒,王君,景曉燕,張密林;超級電容器電極材料[J];化工新型材料;2002年04期

8 景茂祥,沈湘黔,沈裕軍,鄧春明,翟海軍;超級電容器氧化物電極材料的研究進展[J];礦冶工程;2003年02期

9 朱磊,吳伯榮,陳暉,劉明義,簡旭宇,李志強;超級電容器研究及其應用[J];稀有金屬;2003年03期

10 賀福;碳(炭)材料與超級電容器[J];高科技纖維與應用;2005年03期

相關(guān)會議論文 前10條

1 馬衍偉;張熊;余鵬;陳堯;;新型超級電容器納米電極材料的研究[A];2009中國功能材料科技與產(chǎn)業(yè)高層論壇論文集[C];2009年

2 張易寧;何騰云;;超級電容器電極材料的最新研究進展[A];第二十八屆全國化學與物理電源學術(shù)年會論文集[C];2009年

3 鐘輝;曾慶聰;吳丁財;符若文;;聚苯乙烯基層次孔碳的活化及其在超級電容器中的應用[A];中國化學會第15屆反應性高分子學術(shù)討論會論文摘要預印集[C];2010年

4 趙家昌;賴春艷;戴揚;解晶瑩;;扣式超級電容器組的研制[A];第十二屆中國固態(tài)離子學學術(shù)會議論文集[C];2004年

5 單既成;陳維英;;超級電容器與通信備用電源[A];通信電源新技術(shù)論壇——2008通信電源學術(shù)研討會論文集[C];2008年

6 王燕;吳英鵬;黃毅;馬延風;陳永勝;;單層石墨用作超級電容器的研究[A];2009年全國高分子學術(shù)論文報告會論文摘要集（上冊）[C];2009年

7 趙健偉;倪文彬;王登超;黃忠杰;;超級電容器電極材料的設(shè)計、制備及性質(zhì)研究[A];中國化學會第27屆學術(shù)年會第10分會場摘要集[C];2010年

8 張琦;鄭明森;董全峰;田昭武;;基于薄液層反應的新型超級電容器——多孔碳電極材料的影響[A];中國化學會第27屆學術(shù)年會第10分會場摘要集[C];2010年

9 馬衍偉;;新型超級電容器石墨烯電極材料的研究[A];第七屆中國功能材料及其應用學術(shù)會議論文集（第7分冊）[C];2010年

10 劉不厭;彭喬;孫s，

本文編號：1402188