發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-08 09:02

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：蘇州河水環(huán)境質(zhì)量變化特征及其黑臭風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 蘇州河 水質(zhì)評價(jià) 黑臭評價(jià) 泵站放江

【摘要】：蘇州河是上海的城市標(biāo)志之一,對上海市水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)起著重要作用。1988年蘇州河開始進(jìn)行了十余年的蘇州河環(huán)境綜合整治,蘇州河綜合面貌得到較大程度的改善。目前蘇州河干流已經(jīng)基本消除了黑臭,主要水質(zhì)指標(biāo)維持在V類水(景觀用水)標(biāo)準(zhǔn);然而由于近年蘇州河水生生態(tài)恢復(fù)過程較為緩慢,生態(tài)系統(tǒng)較為脆弱,仍會出現(xiàn)短時(shí)水污染甚至黑臭現(xiàn)象,嚴(yán)重影響上海市的形象。為分析評價(jià)蘇州河水環(huán)境質(zhì)量變化特征及其黑臭風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和污染來源,依托上海市環(huán)保科研項(xiàng)目"蘇州河生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估及生態(tài)恢復(fù)監(jiān)測評價(jià)指標(biāo)體系研究"(項(xiàng)目批號:2015-15),在上海市環(huán)境監(jiān)測中心支持下完成。整理了 1996～2015年蘇州河水質(zhì)時(shí)空數(shù)據(jù),以及2013～2015年蘇州河典型斷面的在線監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù),典型泵站2013～2015年的放江量數(shù)據(jù)和泵站放江前后的水質(zhì)采樣數(shù)據(jù),綜合運(yùn)用單因子分析、基于灰色關(guān)聯(lián)度的TOPSIS模型、污染指數(shù)法、相對累積概率曲線、Pearson相關(guān)性分析、方差分析和住建部提出的黑臭水體評價(jià)方法,分析評價(jià)蘇州河的水質(zhì)變化時(shí)空特征、黑臭發(fā)生的時(shí)空特征變化和污染來源。從而為改善蘇州河水質(zhì)防治蘇州河發(fā)生黑臭提供依據(jù)。論文的主要研究內(nèi)容和成果如下:(1)分析1996～2015年蘇州河年際水質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù)和2013～2015年月際水質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù)變化特征,結(jié)果表明:①蘇州河水質(zhì)呈逐年改善的趨勢,變化趨勢分為三個(gè)時(shí)期:1996～2001年水體明顯改善時(shí)期,2001～2010年水質(zhì)整體穩(wěn)定有所反復(fù),2011～2015年水質(zhì)改善有所反復(fù),基本保持在V類水;②空間上蘇州河綜合水質(zhì)水平基本均能達(dá)到V類水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),沿程綜合水質(zhì)水平逐漸降低,蘇州河市區(qū)段的水質(zhì)水平明顯低于上游;③蘇州河水質(zhì)不達(dá)標(biāo)的水質(zhì)指標(biāo)溶解氧、氨氮、總磷、高錳酸鹽指數(shù)指數(shù)和生化需氧量的權(quán)重值分別占總權(quán)重值的23.4%、30.9%、25.8%、7.6%、12.3%,氨氮、溶解氧和總磷是蘇州河水質(zhì)不達(dá)標(biāo)的主要指標(biāo)。(2)為全面分析蘇州河水體綜合水質(zhì)達(dá)標(biāo)率以及蘇州河水質(zhì)變化特征,利用在線監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)選取了氨氮和溶解氧利用基于灰色關(guān)聯(lián)度的TOPSIS模型綜合評價(jià)水質(zhì)水質(zhì)情況。上游華漕斷面在2014年和2015年綜合水質(zhì)達(dá)標(biāo)率分別為30.66%和53.85%,且達(dá)標(biāo)時(shí)間主要集中在冬春季節(jié),秋夏季節(jié)的達(dá)標(biāo)水質(zhì)相對較低,下游的三個(gè)斷面:北新涇、凱旋和武寧路橋斷面綜合水質(zhì)水平基本處于劣V類水平,北新涇在2013年達(dá)標(biāo)水平為26.06%,凱旋和武寧路橋在2015年綜合水質(zhì)達(dá)標(biāo)率分別是13.89%、18.61%,其達(dá)標(biāo)水平時(shí)間分布特征與上游華漕斷面相似。上游華漕斷面的水質(zhì)達(dá)標(biāo)率明顯高于下游斷面,四個(gè)斷面的溶解氧和氨氮變化趨勢相似,均是春冬季節(jié)高于夏秋季節(jié)。(3)利用住建部提出的黑臭評價(jià)方法分析2014～2015年蘇州河水質(zhì)在線監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù),評估蘇州河典型斷面黑臭發(fā)生的時(shí)空特征。結(jié)果表明:①蘇州河發(fā)生輕度黑臭較為嚴(yán)重,已成為常態(tài),華漕、凱旋和武寧斷面的輕度黑臭時(shí)間分別占總監(jiān)測時(shí)間的32.1%、74.5%、73.4%,且均呈倒"V"型變化,在汛期輕度黑臭時(shí)間約占總黑臭時(shí)間的79.8%、70.9%、66.8%;②蘇州河城區(qū)段斷面間發(fā)生輕度黑臭具有同步性,下游斷面發(fā)生輕度黑臭的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大于上游,原因是放江時(shí)排水管道里的大量沉積物和沿岸大量有機(jī)營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)進(jìn)入河流,導(dǎo)致水體的綜合水質(zhì)水平下降,使水體產(chǎn)生黑臭現(xiàn)象;下游發(fā)生輕度黑臭現(xiàn)象是上游水質(zhì)差的必要條件,上游來水的水質(zhì)直接影響下游的水質(zhì)質(zhì)量;③蘇州河下游市區(qū)段發(fā)生重度黑臭有兩種表現(xiàn)形式:第一種是重污染水團(tuán)流經(jīng)導(dǎo)致水體迅速進(jìn)入重度黑臭,重污染水團(tuán)過后斷面的水體迅速恢復(fù);第二種是污染源的持續(xù)進(jìn)入,即泵站長時(shí)間持續(xù)放江導(dǎo)致蘇州河進(jìn)入黑臭狀態(tài)時(shí)間長,水質(zhì)惡化嚴(yán)重,長時(shí)間黑臭的影響導(dǎo)致重度黑臭結(jié)束后會進(jìn)入輕度黑臭溶解氧的濃度不會迅速恢復(fù)到正常水平;④蘇州河沿岸泵站放江與發(fā)生黑臭具有顯著的相關(guān)性,在春冬季節(jié)單次放江不一定產(chǎn)生黑臭,夏秋季節(jié)單次放江或連續(xù)兩天以上的持續(xù)放江單次放江事件以及春冬季節(jié)連續(xù)兩天以上的溢流放江事件會使蘇州河進(jìn)入短期的間歇性輕度黑臭狀態(tài);其中重度黑臭主要發(fā)生在汛期,連續(xù)兩天的的降雨溢流事件會增大重度黑臭現(xiàn)象發(fā)生的可能性。⑤蘇州河水質(zhì)不達(dá)標(biāo)與黑臭發(fā)生呈明顯的線性相關(guān),因此提高水質(zhì)達(dá)標(biāo)率可降低黑臭發(fā)生的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),同時(shí)降雨與放江量呈明顯的相關(guān)性,如何控制降雨徑流是今后重點(diǎn)防止蘇州河發(fā)生間歇性黑臭的重點(diǎn)。(4)對蘇州河水質(zhì)不達(dá)標(biāo)和水體黑臭的原因進(jìn)行分析:①蘇州河上游來水的氨氮和總磷是導(dǎo)致蘇州河水質(zhì)不達(dá)標(biāo)的主要原因,上游氨氮和總磷濃度值分別是V類水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的2.1、1.1倍,下游氨氮和總磷濃度值分別是V類水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的2.3、1.3倍,上下游水體的高錳酸鹽指數(shù)、五日生化需氧量和化學(xué)需氧量水平均優(yōu)于V類水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),是V類水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的1.5、0.25、0.5、0.38倍;②蘇州河主要支流的BOD5、COD、CODMn濃度值稍高于干流但支流的濃度值均是在V類水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值以內(nèi),對干流的水質(zhì)濃度的貢獻(xiàn)量較小,支流的溶解氧濃度高于干流,平均濃度值是干流的2倍左右,對蘇州河的水質(zhì)達(dá)標(biāo)和黑臭影響較小;③蘇州河發(fā)生溢流放江是蘇州河發(fā)生間歇性黑臭的關(guān)鍵性因素,放江后BOD5和COD是放江前的2倍左右,溶解氧濃度是V類水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值的0.5倍左右。
[Abstract]:The Suzhou river is one of the symbol of Shanghai City, the Suzhou River comprehensive regulation environment plays an important role of.1988 in the Suzhou river has been more than ten years of water ecosystem in Shanghai City, Suzhou River comprehensive development has been greatly improved. At present, the Suzhou river has been basically eliminated black odor, the main water quality index maintained at V water (landscape water standards); however in recent years due to the Suzhou river ecological restoration process is relatively slow, the ecological system is fragile, there will still be short of water pollution and the phenomenon of black odor, seriously affected the image of Shanghai City, Suzhou water environmental quality evaluation. The change characteristics and black odor risk and pollution source analysis, relying on the Shanghai municipal environmental protection scientific research project "Suzhou river ecological risk assessment and ecological restoration of the monitoring and evaluation indicator system" (project number: 2015-15), completed in the Shanghai Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center under the support of finishing 19. From 96 to 2015 in Suzhou river water quality spatio-temporal data, as well as 2013 ~ 2015 Suzhou River typical cross section of the on-line monitoring data, a typical pumping station from 2013 to 2015 on the river and the amount of data before and after the river water pumping station on the sampling data, comprehensive analysis using single factor TOPSIS, grey correlation model based on pollution index method, relative cumulative probability curve Pearson, correlation analysis, variance analysis and evaluation of the smelly water Ministry of housing method, analysis of water quality change of evaluation of the Suzhou River, changes in spatial characteristics and pollution sources of black odor occur. So as to improve the water quality of Suzhou River Suzhou river black odor control provide the basis. The main research contents and results are as follows: (1) from 1996 to 2015 were analyzed in Suzhou river water quality data and annual 2013 ~ 2015 years when the data of water quality variation characteristics, results show that: the water quality of Suzhou river was gradually improving trend, change The trend is divided into three periods: from 1996 to 2001 2001 to improve water period, the overall stability of the water quality in 2010 has been repeated, 2011 ~ 2015 water quality improvement has been repeated, remained in the V class II water; space comprehensive water quality can meet the basic level of Suzhou river water quality standard V, decreased gradually along the path of comprehensive water quality level. The water level of Suzhou river section is significantly lower than that of the upstream water quality index; dissolved oxygen, the Suzhou river water quality is not up to the ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, potassium permanganate index weight index and BOD value respectively of the total weights of 23.4%, 30.9%, 25.8%, 7.6%, 12.3%, ammonia nitrogen, dissolved oxygen and total phosphorus is the main index of the Suzhou river no matter the standard. (2) for a comprehensive analysis of Suzhou River comprehensive water quality compliance rate and the change of water quality in Suzhou River, ammonia nitrogen and dissolved oxygen were selected based on grey correlation degree by using the on-line monitoring data of TOPSI S comprehensive evaluation model for water quality. The upstream section Huacao in 2014 and 2015 comprehensive water quality compliance rate were 30.66% and 53.85%, and the standard time mainly concentrated in the winter and spring, summer autumn season, the water quality standards are relatively low, the three section downstream: Beixinjing, triumph and Wuning Luqiao section of comprehensive water quality in basic level inferior to V level, Beixinjing standard level in 2013 26.06%, triumph and Wuning Luqiao in 2015 comprehensive water quality compliance rate were 13.89%, 18.61%, the standard level of the distribution of time and the upstream section. Similar Huacao upstream water quality compliance rate of Hua Cao section was significantly higher than that in the downstream, four ammonia nitrogen and dissolved oxygen change the section is similar to that of spring and winter than in summer and autumn. (3) of 2014 ~ 2015 Suzhou river water quality on-line monitoring data using black odor evaluation method of the Ministry of housing, assessment of the Suzhou River Temporal and spatial characteristics of the typical section of black odor occurs. The results show that the Suzhou river had mild black odor is more serious, has become the norm, Huacao, triumph and Wuning section of the mild black odor time respectively of the total monitoring time of 32.1%, 74.5%, 73.4%, and showed an inverted "V" type changes in light and dark in the flood season the total time of smelly black odor time of 79.8%, 70.9%, 66.8%; the city of Suzhou river section between the mild black odor is synchronous, larger than the upstream downstream mild black odor risk, because a large amount of nutrients and organic drainage sediments along the pipeline in large amount into the river on the river, leading to a comprehensive the water level of the water drops, the water black odor phenomenon; downstream mild black odor phenomenon is a necessary condition for the upstream of poor water quality, water quality in the upper reaches of the water quality directly affects the quality of downstream; the Suzhou River section of the occurrence of severe black smelly Two forms: the first one is the heavy pollution water flows cause the water quickly into the severe black odor, heavy pollution water section of the water after the rapid recovery; second is the source of pollution continue to enter, which lasted into the river pump station in Suzhou River into the black and stink state a long time, water quality deterioration, effect of long time black smelly black odor after severe lead concentration will enter a mild black odor of dissolved oxygen will not quickly return to normal level; the Suzhou river pumping station and put river black odor has significant correlation in spring and winter, not a single discharge black smelly, summer season, single or continuous discharge two more days of continuous discharge of single discharge events and spring and winter relief more than two consecutive days of discharge events will make the Suzhou River into short-term intermittent and mild black odor; the severe black odor mainly occurred in the flood season, continuous Two days of rainfall events will increase the possibility of severe flooding. The phenomenon of black odor of Suzhou river water quality standards showed a significant linear correlation with black odor, thereby improving water quality compliance rate can reduce the risk of occurrence of black odor, while rainfall and river discharge amount was significantly correlated, how to control the rainfall runoff is the focus of the future to prevent the Suzhou river due to the intermittent black odor focus. (4) analysis of non-compliance on the water quality of Suzhou River and the black and odorous water causes: ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus of Suzhou river runoff is the main reason leading to the Suzhou river water quality standards, the upstream ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus concentration were 2.1,1.1 times V water quality standard downstream, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations were 2.3,1.3 times V water quality standard, permanganate index on the water downstream of the V five day BOD and cod were better than those of the standard of water quality, water quality is V 1.5,0.25,0.5,0.38 times the standard; the Suzhou River main tributaries of the BOD5, COD, CODMn concentrations were slightly higher than the river but tributaries concentration was in V water quality standard value, the contribution of the main stream of water concentration is smaller, the dissolved oxygen concentration is higher than the average concentration of River tributaries, the value is about 2 times the main stream. The smaller water quality of the Suzhou River and the Suzhou river black odor effect; the overflow discharge is the key factor in the occurrence of intermittent black odor of the Suzhou River, into the river after BOD5 and COD is about to put the river 2 times before, the dissolved oxygen concentration is about 0.5 times of V water quality standard value.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X824

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 白曉燕;賴成光;陳曉宏;于海霞;吳孝情;;基于Critic-Cloud模型的東江干流水質(zhì)評價(jià)[J];水資源保護(hù);2014年05期

2 張曉紅;宋肖鋒;蔡國強(qiáng);李世玉;沈小紅;蔡建海;;生態(tài)修復(fù)綜合技術(shù)在杭州蝦龍圩河的應(yīng)用[J];環(huán)境工程學(xué)報(bào);2012年12期

3 劉成;胡湛波;郝曉明;柏燕艷;;城市河道黑臭評價(jià)模型研究進(jìn)展[J];華東師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2011年01期

4 徐明德;潘韓智;;汾河太原城區(qū)段及玉門河水質(zhì)數(shù)值模擬研究[J];人民黃河;2009年03期

5 邊博;朱偉;黃峰;卞勛文;;鎮(zhèn)江城市降雨徑流營養(yǎng)鹽污染特征研究[J];環(huán)境科學(xué);2008年01期

6 程江;徐啟新;楊凱;劉蘭嵐;范群杰;;國外城市雨水資源利用管理體系的比較及啟示[J];中國給水排水;2007年12期

7 李田;曾彥君;寧靜;;排水系統(tǒng)截流調(diào)蓄設(shè)施運(yùn)行效率的概率分析方法[J];給水排水;2007年06期

8 程江;徐啟新;楊凱;劉蘭嵐;李博;;下凹式綠地雨水滲蓄效應(yīng)及其影響因素[J];給水排水;2007年05期

9 曾永;樊引琴;王麗偉;刁立芳;李Zs;;水質(zhì)模糊綜合評價(jià)法與單因子指數(shù)評價(jià)法比較[J];人民黃河;2007年02期

10 常靜;劉敏;許世遠(yuǎn);侯立軍;王和意;Ballo Siaka;;上海城市降雨徑流污染時(shí)空分布與初始沖刷效應(yīng)[J];地理研究;2006年06期

，

本文編號：1396442