本文關(guān)鍵詞：幾種無(wú)機(jī)納米材料的制備及光催化性能研究　出處：《中北大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：光催化技術(shù)能有效將太陽(yáng)能轉(zhuǎn)換為化學(xué)能,降解廢水中的有機(jī)、部分無(wú)機(jī)和重金屬污染物,是同時(shí)解決能源和環(huán)境問(wèn)題的新型方法之一。人們開(kāi)發(fā)的光催化劑以無(wú)機(jī)半導(dǎo)體納米材料為主,例如金屬氧化物、硫化物以及氮氧化物等。此類半導(dǎo)體具有化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性高、生物相容性好、價(jià)格低等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。但同時(shí)具有只對(duì)紫外光響應(yīng),光吸收范圍窄的缺點(diǎn),不能有效利用太陽(yáng)能,嚴(yán)重制約了其實(shí)際應(yīng)用。因此,改進(jìn)傳統(tǒng)光催化劑的性能以及探索高效實(shí)用的新型光催化劑尤為重要。本文研究了稀土摻雜二氧化鈦(TiO_2:RE)和TiO_2/SiO_2復(fù)合納米材料、鉍鹽納米材料以及石墨烯-金屬氧化物復(fù)合納米材料的光催化活性。具體內(nèi)容如下:(1)以碳微球?yàn)槟０?溶劑熱法制備出TiO_2:RE和TiO_2/SiO_2中空微球。采用X射線衍射、透射電子顯微鏡和紫外-可見(jiàn)漫反射光譜分析三種測(cè)試手段對(duì)產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行相關(guān)表征,并研究了其在光照下對(duì)羅丹明B染料的降解性能。結(jié)果表明:成功制備了兩種具有中空結(jié)構(gòu)的產(chǎn)物,且尺寸均一;稀土的摻雜和SiO_2的復(fù)合都擴(kuò)展了TiO_2的光響應(yīng)范圍。五種TiO_2:RE中空微球中,TiO_2:La中空微球的光催化活性最強(qiáng)。研究SiO_2的復(fù)合量對(duì)TiO_2光催化活性的影響表明:TiO_2和SiO_2的質(zhì)量比為2:1時(shí),光催化活性最好。兩種產(chǎn)物均具有良好的重復(fù)使用性。(2)一步溶劑熱法制備了Bi_2MoO_6、Bi_2Mo_2O_9微球和Bi_2MoO_6/Bi_2O_3復(fù)合中空微球。采用X射線衍射、掃描電子顯微鏡、透射電子顯微鏡、紫外-可見(jiàn)漫反射光譜分析和熒光光譜分析對(duì)產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行表征,并研究了樣品在可見(jiàn)光照下對(duì)羅丹明B的降解性能。結(jié)果顯示:成功制備了Bi_2MoO_6、Bi_2Mo_2O_9微球和具有中空結(jié)構(gòu)的橄欖球形Bi_2MoO_6/Bi_2O_3復(fù)合納米顆粒,尺寸均一。三種產(chǎn)物都對(duì)可見(jiàn)光響應(yīng),Bi_2MoO_6/Bi_2O_3復(fù)合中空微球的光催化活性最強(qiáng),且具有良好的化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性。(3)以硫脲為硫源、乙二醇為溶劑,一步溶劑熱法制備了rGO/ZnS復(fù)合材料。采用X射線衍射、透射電鏡、紫外 可見(jiàn)漫反射光譜分析和熒光光譜分析對(duì)產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行表征,在紫外光照下對(duì)羅丹明B進(jìn)行降解研究其光催化性能。結(jié)果顯示:尺寸均一的ZnS納米顆粒附著在石墨烯的表面,石墨烯的復(fù)合提高了產(chǎn)物的光催化活性。研究石墨烯的復(fù)合量對(duì)ZnS光催化活性的影響表明:石墨烯的摻雜量為14%時(shí),光催化活性最強(qiáng),且具有良好的重復(fù)使用性。
[Abstract]:Photocatalytic technology can effectively convert solar energy into chemical energy and degrade organic, inorganic and heavy metal pollutants in wastewater. It is one of the new methods to solve both energy and environment problems. Inorganic semiconductor nanomaterials, such as metal oxides, have been developed as photocatalysts. This kind of semiconductor has the advantages of high chemical stability, good biocompatibility and low price, but it has the disadvantage of only responding to ultraviolet light and narrow optical absorption range. It is difficult to utilize solar energy effectively, which seriously restricts its practical application. It is particularly important to improve the performance of traditional photocatalysts and to explore new photocatalysts with high efficiency and practicality. And TiO_2/SiO_2 composite nanomaterials. The photocatalytic activity of bismuth salt nanomaterials and graphene-metal oxide composite nanomaterials are as follows: 1) carbon microspheres are used as templates. TiO_2:RE and TiO_2/SiO_2 hollow microspheres were prepared by solvothermal method. The products were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis). The degradation properties of Rhodamine B dyes under light irradiation were studied. The results showed that two kinds of products with hollow structure were successfully prepared and the size was uniform. The doping of rare earth and the combination of SiO_2 both extend the range of photoresponse of TiO_2. Five kinds of TiO_2:RE hollow microspheres are found. The photocatalytic activity of TiO_2:La hollow microspheres is the strongest. The effect of the amount of SiO_2 on the photocatalytic activity of TiO_2 is studied. The results show that the mass ratio of TiO_2 to SiO_2 is 2: 1. The photocatalytic activity is the best. Both products have good reusability. 2) One-step solvothermal method was used to prepare Bi_2MoO_6. Bi_2Mo_2O_9 microspheres and Bi_2MoO_6/Bi_2O_3 composite hollow microspheres were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to characterize the product. The degradation of Rhodamine B was studied under visible light. The results showed that Bi_2MoO_6 was successfully prepared. Bi_2Mo_2O_9 microspheres and rugby shaped Bi_2MoO_6/Bi_2O_3 composite nanoparticles with hollow structure are homogeneous in size. The three products are all responsive to visible light. Bi_2MoO_6/Bi_2O_3 composite hollow microspheres have the strongest photocatalytic activity and have good chemical stability. 3) thiourea as sulfur source and ethylene glycol as solvent. RGO/ZnS composites were prepared by one-step solvothermal method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and fluorescence spectrum analysis. The photocatalytic properties of Rhodamine B were studied under UV irradiation. The results showed that ZnS nanoparticles with uniform size adhered to the surface of graphene. The effect of the amount of graphene on the photocatalytic activity of ZnS was studied. The results showed that the photocatalytic activity of graphene was the strongest when the doping amount of graphene was 14. And it has good reusability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TB383.1;O643.36

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本文編號(hào)：1387592