本文關(guān)鍵詞：環(huán)境行政約談機(jī)制的法治化研究　出處：《中共重慶市委黨�！�2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：近年來,我國生態(tài)環(huán)境問題的日益嚴(yán)峻,行政機(jī)關(guān)一方面要落實(shí)環(huán)境治理與保護(hù)責(zé)任;另一方面要保持經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與社會就業(yè)。這就對環(huán)境行政執(zhí)法提出了新的挑戰(zhàn)和要求。對此,美國“合作式”執(zhí)法模式,注重行政機(jī)關(guān)與相對人之間的“相互對話”與“彼此交流”;日本的“替代性事前行政指導(dǎo)”通過區(qū)分不同情節(jié)的違法行為,不僅減少了執(zhí)法阻力,而且提高了行政效益。隨著傳統(tǒng)強(qiáng)制性行政執(zhí)法向現(xiàn)代公共治理的模式轉(zhuǎn)換,政府在社會治理中更加注重協(xié)商性、參與性與合作性。環(huán)境行政約談機(jī)制,是在環(huán)境保護(hù)的范疇內(nèi),行政主體者對相對人約請談話的一種制度。在性質(zhì)上,其契合了行政指導(dǎo)、行政契約等理論,但是應(yīng)該警惕其強(qiáng)制化傾向。環(huán)境行政約談機(jī)制的理論基礎(chǔ)包括:風(fēng)險(xiǎn)社會中危害具有難預(yù)測性、多樣性和抽象性特點(diǎn),行政主體需采取更為廣泛、靈活的措施來預(yù)防風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、保障安全;軟法理論主張?jiān)谏鐣脚c秩序的基礎(chǔ)上來保障公民自由,并試圖將個(gè)體利益與公共利益置于同等重要的基礎(chǔ)上;現(xiàn)代行政法平衡論要求行政權(quán)與公民權(quán)、公共利益與個(gè)人利益的平衡,主張給予相對人更大的權(quán)利保護(hù)。在我國,環(huán)境行政約談機(jī)制是各地環(huán)保部門積極推行的新型環(huán)境監(jiān)管方式。但是,其并非是作為獨(dú)立的行政行為僅僅是附隨性的非正式行為適用�，F(xiàn)行行政立法現(xiàn)狀主要存在于部門規(guī)定、地方政府規(guī)定中,并且每個(gè)地方、內(nèi)容均層次不齊。各個(gè)地方對于約談主體、對象、方式,范圍、程序、效力的規(guī)定也各不相同。我國環(huán)境行政約談機(jī)制存在理論基礎(chǔ)薄弱、理念定位模糊、法律依據(jù)不足以及與其他機(jī)制銜接不暢等不足等問題。故而,其法治化也應(yīng)該針對性的促進(jìn)環(huán)境保護(hù)與行政約談理論的有機(jī)結(jié)合、明確環(huán)境行政約談的理念、逐步完善環(huán)境行政約談的法律依據(jù)、加強(qiáng)環(huán)境行政約談與救濟(jì)機(jī)制的銜接等。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the ecological environment problem in our country is becoming more and more serious. On the one hand, the administrative organs should implement the responsibility of environmental governance and protection. On the other hand, to maintain economic development and social employment, this will put forward new challenges and requirements for environmental administrative law enforcement. For this, the United States "cooperative" law enforcement model. Pay attention to the "mutual dialogue" and "mutual exchange" between the administrative organ and the relative person; Japan's "alternative prior administrative guidance" not only reduces the resistance to law enforcement by distinguishing the different circumstances of illegal acts. With the transformation of traditional compulsory administrative law enforcement to modern public governance, the government pays more attention to consultation, participation and cooperation, and environmental administrative interview mechanism in social governance. In the context of environmental protection, the administrative subject is a kind of system of inviting and talking to the relative party. In nature, it accords with the theory of administrative guidance, administrative contract and so on. However, we should be on guard against the tendency of compulsion. The theoretical basis of the environmental administrative interview mechanism includes: the harm in the risk society is unpredictable, diverse and abstract, and the administrative subject needs to adopt more extensive. Flexible measures to prevent risks and ensure safety; The theory of soft law advocates the protection of civil liberties on the basis of social justice and order, and tries to put individual interests and public interests on the basis of equal importance. The balance theory of modern administrative law requires the balance between administrative power and civil right, public interest and personal interest. The mechanism of environmental administrative interview is a new type of environmental supervision which is actively carried out by local environmental protection departments. It is not as an independent administrative act is only attached to the informal behavior applicable. The current status of administrative legislation mainly exists in the provisions of the department, local government regulations, and every place. The contents of all levels are uneven. Various places for the subject, object, way, scope, procedure, effectiveness of the provisions are different. Our country's environmental administrative interview mechanism is weak theoretical basis, the concept positioning is vague. Therefore, its legalization should also promote the organic combination of environmental protection and administrative interview theory, and clarify the concept of environmental administrative interview. Gradually perfect the legal basis of environmental administrative interview and strengthen the connection between environmental administrative interview and relief mechanism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中共重慶市委黨校
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.68

【共引文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前4條

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