焉耆盆地主要分水樞紐工程對(duì)植被覆蓋變化的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-11 03:13
【摘要】：水是生命之源,人類(lèi)生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)和社會(huì)發(fā)展都離不開(kāi)水,隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展對(duì)水的需求越來(lái)越大,造成在一些地區(qū),尤其是水資源原本就奇缺的干旱區(qū)生產(chǎn)生活用水?dāng)D占生態(tài)用水,從而導(dǎo)致生態(tài)環(huán)境不斷惡化,進(jìn)而影響社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。為了改善已經(jīng)開(kāi)始惡化的生態(tài)環(huán)境,一些目的在于改善生態(tài)的水利工程陸續(xù)開(kāi)展。在國(guó)外20世紀(jì)初開(kāi)始建設(shè)水利工程,重點(diǎn)研究河流水文流量、頻率、持續(xù)時(shí)間、出現(xiàn)的時(shí)機(jī)和水文條件變率等要素變化對(duì)維持生態(tài)系統(tǒng)生物多樣性和整體性的影響,而在國(guó)內(nèi)20世紀(jì)70年代末到21世紀(jì),水利工程數(shù)量快速增長(zhǎng),多數(shù)研究主要討論物種、種群、群落、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)等在不同尺度上生態(tài)效應(yīng)研究。由于水利工程對(duì)生態(tài)與環(huán)境的影響是長(zhǎng)期的、緩慢的、潛在的和極其復(fù)雜的。水利工程建成后對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境將產(chǎn)生一定的影響,通過(guò)自然的修復(fù)與調(diào)節(jié),能夠達(dá)到新的生態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)平衡,而人類(lèi)活動(dòng)的增強(qiáng),如旅游活動(dòng)的開(kāi)展,必將影響及打破新的平衡,形成動(dòng)態(tài)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)。因此,開(kāi)展水利工程生態(tài)效應(yīng)評(píng)價(jià)工作,研究如何采取積極應(yīng)對(duì)措施使動(dòng)態(tài)的環(huán)境系統(tǒng)的改變朝著對(duì)人類(lèi)有利的方向發(fā)展,對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展和生態(tài)環(huán)境的 雙利雙嬴‖是具有十分重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義和應(yīng)用價(jià)值�？茖W(xué)的分析水利工程生態(tài)效應(yīng),辨析水利工程建設(shè)對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響,為區(qū)域水利工程與生態(tài)生態(tài)環(huán)境協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展提供重要的理論依據(jù)。本研究采用前人的研究基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合Landsat遙感數(shù)據(jù)、水文數(shù)據(jù)及野外調(diào)查為主要數(shù)據(jù)源,分析焉耆盆地主要分水樞紐工程(第一、第二、第三分水樞紐工程)建設(shè)前后的LUCC變化、徑流量變化以及植被覆蓋變化趨勢(shì),并且進(jìn)一步探討了水利工程建設(shè)對(duì)焉耆盆地生態(tài)效應(yīng)影響。結(jié)果表明:(1)分水樞紐工程建成以后,研究區(qū)土地利用動(dòng)態(tài)度處于增加趨勢(shì),其中耕地的增長(zhǎng)尤為明顯,分別為104.9%、57%和176%,而裸地面積減少53.8%、減少11%和增加31%。(2)通過(guò)對(duì)水利工程建設(shè)前后的水資源利用效率與流域生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,得知第一分水樞紐站建成以后增加了6.77×10~8 m~3輸水量和減少損失水量1.045×10~8 m~3,第三分水樞紐站建成后,進(jìn)入博斯騰湖的多年平均徑流量增加至15.46×10~8 m~3,表明水利工程可以有效地調(diào)節(jié)開(kāi)都河綠洲區(qū)水資源的時(shí)空分布,滿足人類(lèi)需求的水資源利用。(3)水利工程建成后,研究區(qū)植被覆蓋度和生物量呈現(xiàn)增加趨勢(shì),屬于非植被類(lèi)型區(qū)域的裸露土地逐漸減少,說(shuō)明水利工程的建設(shè)對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境有修復(fù)作用�？傊�,分水樞紐工程能改善開(kāi)都河引水和分配條件,有效利用水資源,實(shí)現(xiàn)了最初的目標(biāo),為干旱區(qū)水利工程生態(tài)效應(yīng)研究提供了參考依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Water is the source of life, and human production activities and social development can not be separated from water. With the economic and social development, the demand for water is increasing, resulting in some areas. Especially, the production and domestic water in the arid area, which is scarce in the first place, occupies the ecological water, which leads to the deterioration of the ecological environment and then affects the social and economic development. In order to improve the ecological environment, some water conservancy projects aimed at improving ecology have been carried out one after another. Water conservancy projects began to be built in foreign countries at the beginning of the 20th century, focusing on the effects of river hydrological flow, frequency, duration, timing and variability of hydrological conditions on the maintenance of ecosystem biodiversity and integrity. From the late 1970s to the 21st century, the number of water conservancy projects increased rapidly in China. Most of the studies mainly discuss the ecological effects of species, populations, communities, ecosystems and so on different scales. Because the influence of water conservancy project on ecology and environment is long-term, slow, potential and extremely complex. After the completion of water conservancy projects, it will have a certain impact on the ecological environment. Through natural restoration and adjustment, a new ecological structure balance can be achieved, and the enhancement of human activities, such as the development of tourism activities, will certainly affect and break the new balance. Form a dynamic ecosystem structure. Therefore, we should carry out the evaluation of ecological effects of water conservancy projects and study how to take positive measures to make the change of dynamic environmental system develop in a direction beneficial to human beings. It is of great practical significance and application value to realize sustainable development and ecological environment. The ecological effect of water conservancy project is analyzed scientifically, and the influence of water conservancy project construction on ecological environment is analyzed, which provides an important theoretical basis for the coordinated development of regional water conservancy project and ecological environment. On the basis of previous studies, combined with Landsat remote sensing data, hydrological data and field survey as the main data sources, this study analyzes the changes of LUCC before and after the construction of the main water distribution hub projects in Yanqi Basin (first, second and third water hub projects). The variation trend of runoff and vegetation cover is discussed, and the influence of water conservancy project construction on the ecological effect of Yanqi Basin is further discussed. The results show that: (1) after the completion of the water distribution hub project, the dynamic attitude of land use in the study area is in an increasing trend, especially the increase of cultivated land is 104.9%, 57% and 17.6%, respectively, while the area of bare land decreases by 53.8%. Decrease by 11% and increase by 31%. (2) through the comparative analysis of water resources utilization efficiency and river basin ecological environment quality before and after the construction of water conservancy projects, It is found that after the completion of the first water distribution hub station, the amount of water transported by 6.77 脳 10 ~ 8 m / 3 has been increased and the lost water quantity has been reduced by 1.045 脳 10 ~ 8 m / 3. After the completion of the third water distribution hub station, the annual average runoff into Bosten Lake has increased to 15.46 脳 10 ~ 8 m / 3. The results show that the water conservancy project can effectively adjust the temporal and spatial distribution of water resources in the Oasis area of Kedu River and meet the needs of human beings. (3) after the completion of the water conservancy project, the vegetation coverage and biomass in the study area show an increasing trend. The bare land belonging to non-vegetation type area decreases gradually, which indicates that the construction of water conservancy project plays an important role in repairing the ecological environment. In a word, the water distribution hub project can improve the water diversion and distribution conditions of Kaidu River, make effective use of water resources, achieve the initial goal, and provide a reference for the study of ecological effects of water conservancy projects in arid areas.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：Q948
[Abstract]:Water is the source of life, and human production activities and social development can not be separated from water. With the economic and social development, the demand for water is increasing, resulting in some areas. Especially, the production and domestic water in the arid area, which is scarce in the first place, occupies the ecological water, which leads to the deterioration of the ecological environment and then affects the social and economic development. In order to improve the ecological environment, some water conservancy projects aimed at improving ecology have been carried out one after another. Water conservancy projects began to be built in foreign countries at the beginning of the 20th century, focusing on the effects of river hydrological flow, frequency, duration, timing and variability of hydrological conditions on the maintenance of ecosystem biodiversity and integrity. From the late 1970s to the 21st century, the number of water conservancy projects increased rapidly in China. Most of the studies mainly discuss the ecological effects of species, populations, communities, ecosystems and so on different scales. Because the influence of water conservancy project on ecology and environment is long-term, slow, potential and extremely complex. After the completion of water conservancy projects, it will have a certain impact on the ecological environment. Through natural restoration and adjustment, a new ecological structure balance can be achieved, and the enhancement of human activities, such as the development of tourism activities, will certainly affect and break the new balance. Form a dynamic ecosystem structure. Therefore, we should carry out the evaluation of ecological effects of water conservancy projects and study how to take positive measures to make the change of dynamic environmental system develop in a direction beneficial to human beings. It is of great practical significance and application value to realize sustainable development and ecological environment. The ecological effect of water conservancy project is analyzed scientifically, and the influence of water conservancy project construction on ecological environment is analyzed, which provides an important theoretical basis for the coordinated development of regional water conservancy project and ecological environment. On the basis of previous studies, combined with Landsat remote sensing data, hydrological data and field survey as the main data sources, this study analyzes the changes of LUCC before and after the construction of the main water distribution hub projects in Yanqi Basin (first, second and third water hub projects). The variation trend of runoff and vegetation cover is discussed, and the influence of water conservancy project construction on the ecological effect of Yanqi Basin is further discussed. The results show that: (1) after the completion of the water distribution hub project, the dynamic attitude of land use in the study area is in an increasing trend, especially the increase of cultivated land is 104.9%, 57% and 17.6%, respectively, while the area of bare land decreases by 53.8%. Decrease by 11% and increase by 31%. (2) through the comparative analysis of water resources utilization efficiency and river basin ecological environment quality before and after the construction of water conservancy projects, It is found that after the completion of the first water distribution hub station, the amount of water transported by 6.77 脳 10 ~ 8 m / 3 has been increased and the lost water quantity has been reduced by 1.045 脳 10 ~ 8 m / 3. After the completion of the third water distribution hub station, the annual average runoff into Bosten Lake has increased to 15.46 脳 10 ~ 8 m / 3. The results show that the water conservancy project can effectively adjust the temporal and spatial distribution of water resources in the Oasis area of Kedu River and meet the needs of human beings. (3) after the completion of the water conservancy project, the vegetation coverage and biomass in the study area show an increasing trend. The bare land belonging to non-vegetation type area decreases gradually, which indicates that the construction of water conservancy project plays an important role in repairing the ecological environment. In a word, the water distribution hub project can improve the water diversion and distribution conditions of Kaidu River, make effective use of water resources, achieve the initial goal, and provide a reference for the study of ecological effects of water conservancy projects in arid areas.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：Q948
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相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
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