【摘要】：紅門(mén)蘭族約有68個(gè)屬,2000多種,.為蘭科物種多樣性最高的族之一,遍布于新世界和舊世界的熱帶以及北溫帶地區(qū),該族的紅門(mén)蘭亞族類(lèi)群是中國(guó)蘭亞科植物中屬種多樣性最高的類(lèi)群。紅門(mén)蘭族的分子系統(tǒng)學(xué)研究是蘭科相關(guān)研究中的疑難類(lèi)群之一,族內(nèi)許多分類(lèi)群間的界定和系統(tǒng)關(guān)系一直存在爭(zhēng)論,許多成員之間的關(guān)系仍未清楚。本研究通過(guò)增加樣品數(shù)(61個(gè)屬363種)和分子標(biāo)記數(shù)(2個(gè)核基因片段Xdh和ITS以及5個(gè)葉綠體片段trnL-F、rbcL、trnS-frnG、mafK和psbA-trnH)重建系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹(shù)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.亞族系統(tǒng)發(fā)育結(jié)果顯示Pachites與除Brownleeinae以外的類(lèi)群成姐妹關(guān)系,Huttonaea與除Brownleeinae和Pachites以外的類(lèi)群成姐妹關(guān)系。該結(jié)果支持將Pachites和Huttonaes從原歸屬的Disinae亞族中移出,并新建亞族Pachitinae G.Z.ChenS.P.Chen subtri.nova和恢復(fù)亞族HuttonaeinaeSchltr.。紅門(mén)蘭族應(yīng)該劃分為6亞族,關(guān)系為(Brownleeinae(Pachiteinae(Huttonaeinae(Orchidinae(Coryciinae,Disinae)))))。2.紅門(mén)蘭亞族是紅門(mén)蘭族屬種多樣性最高和分子系統(tǒng)學(xué)爭(zhēng)議最大的亞族,研究結(jié)果表明該亞族為單系,分為明顯的8個(gè)類(lèi)群:鳥(niǎo)足蘭屬,玉鳳花屬群系,Schizochilus,苞葉蘭屬,無(wú)柱蘭屬群系,Chamorchis,紅門(mén)蘭屬群系,舌唇蘭屬群系。3.分子系統(tǒng)學(xué)結(jié)果顯示玉鳳花屬群系中的玉鳳花屬和角盤(pán)蘭屬為多系,支持無(wú)柱蘭屬群系劃分為大花組sect.Pinguiculae、sect Lepidum(新擬)、舌喙組sect Heipilia、滇蜀組sect.Tetralbae、南湖組 sect Alpetres、小蝶組 sect Ponerorchis 和兜被組sect.Neottianthe等7組,舌唇蘭屬群系中的舌唇蘭屬為多系。
[Abstract]:There are about 68 genera and more than 2000 species of Hongmenlan. The species diversity of Orchidaceae is the highest in the tropical and northern temperate regions of the new world and the old world. The Hongmenlanya group is the most diverse species of the Orchidaceae in China. The study of molecular systematics in Hongmenlan is one of the difficult groups in the study of Orchidaceae. The definition and systematic relationship among many taxonomic groups in the family have been debated, and the relationship among many members is still unclear. The phylogenetic tree was reconstructed by increasing the number of samples (61 genera and 363 species) and molecular markers (2 nuclear gene fragments Xdh and ITS and 5 chloroplast fragments trnL-F,rbcL,trnS-frnG,mafK and psbA-trnH). The main findings are as follows: 1. The phylogenetic results showed that Pachites was sister to cluster except Brownleeinae, and Huttonaea was sister to cluster except Brownleeinae and Pachites. This result supports the removal of Pachites and Huttonaes from the original Disinae subfamily, and the creation of a new subfamily Pachitinae G.Z.ChenS.P.Chen subtri.nova and the restoration of the subfamily HuttonaeinaeSchltr.. The Hongmenlan nationality should be divided into 6 sub-groups, the relationship of which is (Brownleeinae (Pachiteinae (Huttonaeinae (Orchidinae (Coryciinae,Disinae). The species diversity and molecular phylogeny of Hongmenlanya are the highest and the most controversial in molecular systematics. The results show that the subspecies are monophyletic and can be divided into eight distinct groups: Orchidophyllum, Yufeng Flora, Schizochilus, 's bract and Orchidophyllum, and the results of the study show that the subfamily is a monophyletic group and can be divided into 8 groups. Orchidophyllum, Chamorchis, Gymnolia, Coleophora, etc.-3. The results of molecular phylogeny showed that the genus Yufenghua and the genus Corydalis were multilineage, which supported the division of the Aristolochia group into sect.Pinguiculae,sect Lepidum (new model), sect Heipilia, Yunnan-Shu formation, sect.Tetralbae, Nanhu formation, sect Alpetres, and the tongue-beak group (sect Heipilia,-Yunnan-Shu formation, sect.Tetralbae,-Nanhu formation). There were 7 groups (sect Ponerorchis, sect.Neottianthe) in the sphenoid group and sect.Neottianthe group, and the glossolla was multilineage in the genus Larix.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：Q949.718.43

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