【摘要】：瑪咖、辣木都是云南省大面積種植的外來物種。它們不僅營養(yǎng)豐富,而且具有多種功能活性。我們從揮發(fā)性物質(zhì)角度對其進(jìn)行研究。研究首先通過固相微萃取(SPME)和氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜(GC-MS)聯(lián)用儀對精心挑選出來的云南省內(nèi)八個(gè)具有代表性種植區(qū)的瑪咖進(jìn)行揮發(fā)性物質(zhì)提取分析,鑒定各產(chǎn)地的瑪咖所含有的化學(xué)成分,用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析不同產(chǎn)地瑪咖化學(xué)成分的變化規(guī)律。在云南這八個(gè)瑪咖種植區(qū)樣品中共檢測出69種揮發(fā)性化合物,這些成分包括12種酮類、10種醛類、9種醇類、7種酸類、6種酯類、6種烯烴、5種雜環(huán)化合物、4種腈類、4種芳香族、3種酚類、2種胺類和1種硫醚類。接著研究再轉(zhuǎn)向這八個(gè)產(chǎn)地瑪咖的揮發(fā)油,實(shí)驗(yàn)通過同時(shí)蒸餾萃取法提取瑪咖揮發(fā)油,使用氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜(GC-MS)聯(lián)用鑒定瑪咖揮發(fā)油成分,并結(jié)合相似性評價(jià)、聚類分析和主成分分析等多種統(tǒng)計(jì)方法來分析瑪咖揮發(fā)油的成分與各產(chǎn)地間瑪咖揮發(fā)油的變化規(guī)律和關(guān)聯(lián)性。研究結(jié)果表明,從八個(gè)產(chǎn)地瑪咖樣品中一共鑒定出揮發(fā)油成分59種,共有成分有39種,并且這39種共有成分的總含量超過了揮發(fā)油樣品總量的99%。其中共有成分中含量較高的分別為異硫氰酸芐酯、苯乙腈、4-甲氧基芐基異硫氰酸酯、3-甲氧基苯乙腈、棕櫚酸、9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸、苯甲醛、9,12-亞油酸、9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸乙酯和亞油酸乙酯。為了進(jìn)一步探究云南產(chǎn)瑪咖的功能活性物質(zhì),采用硅膠柱色譜法對瑪咖成分進(jìn)行了提取、分離和純化,并使用紅外光譜、核磁共振光譜、質(zhì)譜和色譜等一系列實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行檢測,結(jié)果一共鑒定出三種化合物,分別為β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol)n-芐基十六烷酰胺(N-benzylhexadecanamide)、蔗糖(Sucrose)。此外,從瑪咖提取物中也分析確定出了5種瑪咖酰胺,2種咪唑生物堿和2種芥子糖苷化合物。對辣木的研究選取了 17個(gè)代表種植區(qū)的辣木籽,通過石油醚萃取法提取其揮發(fā)油,通過氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜(GC-MS)分離和鑒定其化學(xué)成分,并通過了精密度、重復(fù)性、穩(wěn)定性實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。最終共鑒定出20種揮發(fā)油成分,其中9個(gè)色譜峰被鑒定為辣木籽油的特征指紋峰,從而建立了辣木揮發(fā)油成分的GC-MS指紋圖譜,并通過統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法分析了實(shí)驗(yàn)所選取的17個(gè)不同種植區(qū)中辣木籽揮發(fā)油成分的異同。最后,為了研究辣木籽油的抑菌性,實(shí)驗(yàn)使用金黃色葡萄球菌做了抑菌測試,結(jié)果表明,辣木籽油對金黃色葡萄球菌有中等抑菌效果。
[Abstract]:Maca, spicy wood are large-scale cultivation of exotic species in Yunnan Province. They are not only nutritious, but also have a variety of functional activities. We study it from the point of view of volatile substances. In this study, the volatile substances were extracted and analyzed by solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in eight representative planting areas of Yunnan Province. The chemical constituents of Maca from different producing areas were identified and the changes of maca chemical constituents in different producing areas were analyzed statistically. A total of 69 volatile compounds were detected in the samples of eight Maca growing areas in Yunnan, including 12 ketones, 10 aldehydes, 9 alcohols, 7 acids, 6 esters, 6 olefins, 5 heterocyclic compounds and 4 nitriles. Four aromatics, three phenols, two amines and one sulfide. Then the study turned to the volatile oil of Maca from these eight producing areas. The volatile oil was extracted by simultaneous distillation and extraction. The components of Maca volatile oil were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the similarity was evaluated. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to analyze the relationship between maca volatile oil and maca volatile oil. The results showed that 59 species of volatile oil were identified from the samples of Maca from eight producing areas, 39 of which were common components, and the total content of these 39 common components exceeded the total content of 99% of the total volatile oil samples. Among them, benzyl isothiocyanate, benzyl acetonitrile, 4-methoxybenzyl isothiocyanate, 3-methoxy benzylacetonitrile, palmitic acid, 912A12O15-octadectrienoic acid, benzaldehyde, 9mali-12- linoleic acid, Ethyl octadecylenoate and ethyl linoleate. In order to further explore the functional active substances of Maca produced in Yunnan, the maca components were extracted, separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, and were detected by a series of experiments, such as infrared spectrum, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and chromatography. Results three compounds were identified as 尾 -sitosterol (尾-sitosterol) n-benzyl hexadecylamine (N-benzylhexadecanamide) and sucrose (Sucrose). In addition, five kinds of macaramide, two kinds of imidazole alkaloids and two kinds of mustard glycosides were also identified from the extract of maca. In this study, 17 seeds representing the growing area were selected, the volatile oil was extracted by petroleum ether extraction, the chemical constituents were isolated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the precision and reproducibility were obtained. The stability experiment was carried out. Finally, a total of 20 volatile oil components were identified, of which 9 chromatographic peaks were identified as the characteristic fingerprint peaks of the volatile oil, and the GC-MS fingerprint of the volatile oil was established. The differences and similarities of volatile oil components in 17 different planting areas were analyzed by statistical method. Finally, in order to study the bacteriostasis of the oil, Staphylococcus aureus was used to test the bacteriostasis. The results showed that the oil had moderate bacteriostatic effect on Staphylococcus aureus.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：Q946

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