【摘要】：廣東南嶺位于北回歸線,是珠江支流北江的發(fā)源地,本研究從生態(tài)學(xué)的角度分析廣東南嶺山地森林溪流魚類資源結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),為廣東南嶺山地森林溪流的魚類資源的管理及生物多樣性的保護(hù)利用提供理論依據(jù)。通過(guò)2014年和2015年對(duì)廣東南嶺地區(qū)魚類資源進(jìn)行的調(diào)查,對(duì)該地區(qū)魚類物種組成、物種多樣性、群落結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和餌料資源等進(jìn)行了研究。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1、共采集魚類標(biāo)本3463尾,經(jīng)鑒別分屬于3目8科29屬38種。結(jié)果顯示,該地區(qū)優(yōu)勢(shì)類群為鯉科魚類,有5亞科14屬16種,占總種數(shù)的42%。該地區(qū)魚類可劃分于5個(gè)區(qū)系復(fù)合體,其中熱帶平原復(fù)合體構(gòu)成了廣東南嶺山地溪流魚類的主體。漁獲物以小型魚為主,平均尾重27.44 g。2、從棲息類型來(lái)看,是以生活于水體中下層魚類為主,從食性類型來(lái)看,雜食性魚類占廣東南嶺魚類種類的較大比例,其次是植食性魚類。3、魚類物種多樣性指數(shù)較高,其中Simpson、Shannon-Wiener、Margalef指數(shù)分別為0.925、2.944、4.54。說(shuō)明廣東南嶺地區(qū)魚類群落物種多樣性和豐富度較高,均勻度較低,群落結(jié)構(gòu)較為穩(wěn)定,海拔為300-600 m時(shí)各項(xiàng)指數(shù)都較高。4、通過(guò)ABC曲線研究發(fā)現(xiàn)廣東南嶺魚類群落處于中度干擾狀態(tài);生長(zhǎng)快、性成熟期短的小型魚類占廣東南嶺魚類群落主要種類。5、廣東南嶺地區(qū)餌料資源較為豐富。浮游生物種類豐富,共378種,浮游植物共計(jì)241種,其中又以硅藻門為主,占浮游植物種類的56%;綠藻門次之,占浮游植物種類的26%;藍(lán)藻門占浮游植物種數(shù)的12%;黃藻和裸藻亦有分布但種類較少。浮游動(dòng)物共鑒定出四大類,共計(jì)77種。以原生動(dòng)物,占浮游動(dòng)物種類的31%;輪蟲和枝角類亦有分布,兩者都占浮游動(dòng)種類的25%;橈足類種類最少占19%。還調(diào)查出底棲動(dòng)物共50種;水生植物發(fā)現(xiàn)苦草(Vallisneria asiatca)、輪葉黑藻(Hydrilla varticillata)、馬來(lái)眼子菜(Potamogeton malainus)、蓖齒眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus)、溝草(Ruppia rostellata)、大茨藻(Najas marina)、小茨藻(Najas minor)、聚草(Nyriopdyllum spicatum)、輪葉狐尾藻(M.verticillatum)、五刺金魚藻(Ceratophyllum oryzeiorum)共10種。在海拔500 m左右的地區(qū)餌料資源最為豐富。
[Abstract]:Nanling, Guangdong Province, is located in the Tropic of Cancer and is the birthplace of Beijiang River, a tributary of the Pearl River. This study analyzed the structural characteristics of forest stream fish resources in Nanling Mountain, Guangdong Province, from an ecological point of view. It provides a theoretical basis for the management of fish resources and the conservation and utilization of biodiversity in mountain forest streams in Nanling, Guangdong Province. The fish species composition, species diversity, community structure and feed resources in Nanling area of Guangdong Province were investigated in 2014 and 2015. The main results are as follows: 1. A total of 3463 fish samples were collected and identified in 3 orders, 8 families, 29 genera and 38 species. The results showed that the dominant group in this area was Cyprinidae, with 16 species belonging to 14 genera and 5 subfamilies, accounting for 422.2% of the total species. The fish in this area can be divided into five floristic complexes, among which the tropical plain complex forms the main body of the mountain stream fishes in Nanling, Guangdong Province. The catch was mainly small fish with an average tail weight of 27.44 g 路2. From the habitat type, it was mainly found in the middle and lower layers of the water body, and the omnivorous fish accounted for a large proportion of the fish species in Nanling, Guangdong Province. The second was phytophagous fish. 3. The diversity index of fish species was higher, and the Simpson,Shannon-Wiener,Margalef index was 0.925 and 2.944 and 4.54 respectively. The results showed that the species diversity and richness of fish communities in Nanling area of Guangdong Province were higher, the evenness was lower, the community structure was stable, and the indices were higher when the altitude was 300-600 m. It was found that the fish community in Nanling of Guangdong Province was in a medium disturbance state through the study of ABC curve. The small fishes with fast growth and short sexual maturity are the main species of fish community in Nanling, Guangdong Province. 5. The food resources in Nanling area of Guangdong Province are relatively rich. There are 378 species of phytoplankton, including 241 species of phytoplankton, among which diatom is the main species, accounting for 56% of phytoplankton species, Chlorophyta is second, accounting for 26% of phytoplankton species, Cyanophyta accounts for 12% of phytoplankton species. Yellow algae and Phaeophyta are also distributed, but the species are relatively small. A total of 77 species of zooplankton were identified. Protozoa account for 31% of zooplankton species; rotifer and Cladocera are also distributed, both of them account for 25% of zooplankton species, and copepod species account for at least 19% of zooplankton species. A total of 50 species of benthos were also investigated. Discovery of (Vallisneria asiatca), (Hydrilla varticillata), (Potamogeton malainus), (Potamogeton pectinatus), (Ruppia rostellata), (Najas marina), (Najas minor), (Nyriopdyllum spicatum), in aquatic plants There are 10 species of M.verticillatum and (Ceratophyllum oryzeiorum). The food resource is the most abundant in the area about 500m above sea level.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：信陽(yáng)師范學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：Q958.8

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