【摘要】：陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是人類生存的環(huán)境基礎(chǔ)、發(fā)展的必要條件。植被是陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的主要組成部分,對(duì)陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中物質(zhì)的流動(dòng)和能量的循環(huán)有重要意義。在氣候變化和人類活動(dòng)的雙重干擾下,如何區(qū)分并量化人類活動(dòng)對(duì)陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)植被的影響已經(jīng)成為目前的研究重點(diǎn)。研究人類活動(dòng)對(duì)植被影響的遙感量化將為陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)的變化提供研究依據(jù),對(duì)合理利用陸地植被資源和實(shí)現(xiàn)陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要意義。以山西省為研究區(qū)域,基于MODIS MOD13A3歸一化植被指數(shù)數(shù)據(jù),利用土地利用轉(zhuǎn)移矩陣和二元線性回歸模型法,從土地利用變化、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和植被建設(shè)三個(gè)方面,進(jìn)行了2001-2013年人類活動(dòng)對(duì)山西省植被覆蓋影響的遙感量化研究。研究表明:(1)2001-2013年山西省土地利用變化的平均面積占總面積的15.8%,土地利用變化引起NDVI的變化占山西省NDVI變化的16.1%;(2)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)對(duì)耕地未變區(qū)域NDVI的貢獻(xiàn)為80%,施肥和灌溉對(duì)農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量的貢獻(xiàn)約為82.1%;(3)植被建設(shè)對(duì)林地未變區(qū)域NDVI的貢獻(xiàn)為87.4%,隨著海拔升高植被建設(shè)對(duì)林地未變區(qū)域NDVI的貢獻(xiàn)越來(lái)越大。植被建設(shè)對(duì)草地未變區(qū)域NDVI的貢獻(xiàn)為85%,而且對(duì)低度帶草地未變區(qū)域NDVI的貢獻(xiàn)比中度帶區(qū)域的貢獻(xiàn)大。以錫林郭勒盟草原為研究區(qū)域,使用MODIS MOD17A3凈初級(jí)生產(chǎn)力數(shù)據(jù),分析了2001-)010年錫林郭勒盟草原實(shí)際凈初級(jí)生產(chǎn)力(NPPA)和潛在凈初級(jí)生產(chǎn)力(NPPP)的時(shí)空分布特征及其與氣候因子的關(guān)系。定量地計(jì)算人類活動(dòng)對(duì)凈初級(jí)生產(chǎn)力的影響(NPPH),分析了2001-2010年錫林郭勒盟草原人類活動(dòng)影響的凈初級(jí)生產(chǎn)力的時(shí)空分布特征及其作用分類。研究表明:(1)錫林郭勒盟草原NPPA的均值為150.78 gC·m~(-2)·a~(-1),NPPA有較顯著的地帶性規(guī)律,且NPPA在空間上的變化趨勢(shì)存在明顯區(qū)域差異;(2)錫林郭勒盟草原NPPP的均值為185.57 g C·m~(-2)·a~(-1),NPPP有較顯著的地帶性規(guī)律,且NPPP在空間上的變化趨勢(shì)存在明顯區(qū)域差異;(3)錫林郭勒盟草原NPPH的均值為-34.79 gC·m~(-2)·a~(-1),NPPH平均變化速率為1.18 gC·m~(-2)·a~(-1),人類活動(dòng)負(fù)作用占總面積的93.4%;(4)人類活動(dòng)對(duì)錫林郭勒盟草原凈初級(jí)生產(chǎn)力的影響主要是由負(fù)作用向正作用轉(zhuǎn)變,且空間分布有明顯的南北界線,南部表現(xiàn)為負(fù)作用增強(qiáng),北部為正作用增強(qiáng)。選取山西省和錫林郭勒盟草原為研究區(qū)域,提出了人類活動(dòng)對(duì)植被影響遙感量化研究的兩種方法,定量地評(píng)價(jià)了人類活動(dòng)對(duì)山西省植被覆蓋和錫林郭勒盟草原凈初級(jí)生產(chǎn)力的影響,討論了人類活動(dòng)對(duì)山西省和錫林郭勒盟草原植被生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的恢復(fù)與退化作用。
[Abstract]:Terrestrial ecosystem is the environmental basis for human survival and a necessary condition for development. Vegetation is the main component of terrestrial ecosystem, which plays an important role in material flow and energy cycle in terrestrial ecosystem. Under the dual interference of climate change and human activities, how to distinguish and quantify the impact of human activities on terrestrial ecosystem vegetation has become the focus of current research. The study of remote sensing quantification of the impact of human activities on vegetation will provide the basis for the change of terrestrial ecosystem services and is of great significance for the rational utilization of terrestrial vegetation resources and the realization of sustainable development of terrestrial ecosystems. Based on MODIS MOD13A3 normalized vegetation index data and land use transfer matrix and binary linear regression model, Shanxi Province is studied from three aspects: land use change, agricultural production and vegetation construction. A quantitative remote sensing study on the effects of human activities on vegetation cover in Shanxi Province from 2001 to 2013 was carried out. The results show that: (1) the average area of land use change in Shanxi Province accounted for 15.8% of the total area from 2001 to 2013, and the change of NDVI caused by land use change accounted for 16.1% of the change of NDVI in Shanxi Province; (2) the contribution of agricultural production to NDVI in the region of unchanged cultivated land was 80%. The contribution of crop yield is about 82.1. (3) the contribution of vegetation construction to the NDVI of unaltered forest land is 87.4. With the elevation increasing, the contribution of vegetation construction to the NDVI of unchanged forest land is more and more. The contribution of vegetation construction to NDVI in grassland invariant region is 85%, and the contribution to NDVI in low grassland invariant region is greater than that in moderate zone. Based on the MODIS MOD17A3 net primary productivity data, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of real net primary productivity (NPPA) and potential net primary productivity (NPPP) and their relationship with climatic factors in the grassland of Xilingor League in 2010 were analyzed. The effects of human activities on net primary productivity (NPP) were quantitatively calculated. (NPPH), was used to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of net primary productivity (NPP) in the grassland of Xilinguole League from 2001 to 2010 and its functional classification. The results showed that: (1) the average value of NPPA was 150.78 gC m ~ (-2) a ~ (-1) in Xilingol League steppe, and there were significant regional differences in the spatial variation of NPPA, and (2) the mean value of NPPP was 185.57 g cm ~ (-2) a ~ (-1) in Xilingol steppe. (3) the mean value of NPPH was -34.79 gC m ~ (-2) a ~ (-1), the average change rate of NPPH was 1.18 gC m ~ (-2) a ~ (-1), and the negative effects of human activities accounted for 93.4% of the total area; (4) Human activities had a negative effect on the grassland of Xilingol League. (4) the average change rate of NPPH was -34.79 gC m ~ (-2) a ~ (-1). The influence of the grade productivity is mainly from the negative effect to the positive effect. The spatial distribution has obvious boundary between north and south, the negative effect is enhanced in the south, and the positive effect is enhanced in the north. The grassland of Shanxi Province and Xilinguole League is selected as the research area, and two methods for quantifying the effects of human activities on vegetation are put forward. The effects of human activities on vegetation cover and net primary productivity of grassland in Xilinguole League in Shanxi Province were quantitatively evaluated. The restoration and degradation of grassland vegetation ecosystem in Shanxi Province and Xilinguole League were discussed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：Q948

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