青藏高原感熱通量的時空變化及其對我國夏季區(qū)域降水的影響
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-05 08:25
【摘要】：在地氣相互作用時,能量、物質(zhì)和動量交換對全球大氣環(huán)流及氣候波動產(chǎn)生深遠影響。其中,在近地層,感熱通量通過湍流形式與大氣發(fā)生地氣相互作用。由于青藏高原平均海拔大于4000米以上被稱為地球的"第三極",其矗立在高空中強大的感熱加熱稱為感熱驅(qū)動泵。高原的熱力作用是亞洲季風更替的重要因子,它對東亞地區(qū)降水的重要性毋庸置疑。同時,在季風轉(zhuǎn)變期間,高原感熱通量作為加熱高原及周邊地區(qū)大氣最重要的因子之一,對我國夏季降水的預(yù)測有重要意義。根據(jù)高原下墊面植被覆蓋率差異,我們將海撥大于3000m青藏高原劃分為7個子區(qū)域(A區(qū)一G區(qū))。同時,利用青藏高原地區(qū)78個站點的觀測資料、全國830個站點的觀測資料,及NCEP提供的全球17層的資料,計算了高原和各分區(qū)感熱通量。通過小波分析、相關(guān)分析、合成分析、EOF等分析方法,研究了高原感熱通量的時空分布特征及變化規(guī)律,高原4月感熱通量與我國夏季降水的關(guān)系,以及高原4月感熱通量與我國長江以南夏季降水的關(guān)系。高原感熱通量的時空變化特征。高原年平均、春季和夏季感熱通量的變化周期均為3到4年,秋季、冬季為2到3年;高原最強感熱加熱位于在喜馬拉雅地區(qū),最弱加熱區(qū)域位于高原西北部A區(qū);高原春秋季節(jié)感熱通量的空間分布均勻,冬夏季節(jié)有明顯的梯度分布,夏季呈現(xiàn)自東向西的梯度,而冬季方向相反。高原10m風速的極值中心隨季節(jié)北上南撤變化與地氣溫差的強弱變化共同決定了感熱通量的季節(jié)變化。高原4月感熱通量與我國長江以南夏季降水的關(guān)系。4月喜馬拉雅地區(qū)(高原E區(qū))是影響長江以南夏季降水的關(guān)鍵區(qū),4月關(guān)鍵區(qū)感熱通量和長江以南地區(qū)夏季降水具有相反的變化趨勢,即負相關(guān)關(guān)系,且均有4年主周期和8年副周期,在1998、2011年前后分別出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折。分析其降水異常的機理發(fā)現(xiàn),高原關(guān)鍵區(qū)4月感熱通量偏弱時,長江以南地區(qū)處于深槽槽前,配合有切變線系統(tǒng),斜壓性很強,空氣相對濕度很大,有利于長江以南地區(qū)降水。反之,不利于降水。
[Abstract]:Energy, matter and momentum exchange have a profound effect on the global atmospheric circulation and climate fluctuations during the earth atmosphere interaction. In the near layer, sensible heat flux interacts with the atmosphere through turbulence. Because the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has an average elevation of more than 4000 meters, it is called the "third pole" of the earth, and its powerful sensible heat heating in the upper air is called the sensible heat driving pump. The thermal action of the plateau is an important factor in the turnover of the Asian monsoon, and its importance to the precipitation in East Asia is beyond doubt. At the same time, during the monsoon transition, the sensible heat flux of the plateau is one of the most important factors in heating the atmosphere of the plateau and its surrounding areas, which is of great significance to the prediction of summer precipitation in China. According to the difference of vegetation coverage on the underlying surface of the plateau, we divide the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau over 3000m into seven sub-regions (area A and G). At the same time, the sensible heat fluxes of the plateau and regions are calculated by using the observational data of 78 stations in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, the observational data of 830 stations in China and the global 17 layers data provided by NCEP. By means of wavelet analysis, correlation analysis, synthetic analysis and EOF, the temporal and spatial distribution and variation of sensible heat fluxes over the plateau are studied, and the relationship between the sensible heat fluxes of the plateau and summer precipitation in China in April is studied. And the relationship between the April sensible heat flux and summer precipitation south of the Yangtze River in China. Temporal and spatial characteristics of sensible heat flux over the plateau. The mean annual, spring and summer sensible heat fluxes vary from 3 to 4 years in autumn and 2 to 3 years in winter, and the strongest sensible heat in the plateau lies in the Himalayan region and the weakest in the A region in the northwest of the plateau. The spatial distribution of sensible heat flux in spring and autumn is uniform and the gradient distribution is obvious in winter and summer. The gradient in summer is from east to west, but the direction is opposite in winter. The seasonal variation of sensible heat flux is determined by the extreme center of 10 m wind speed over the plateau and the variation of the temperature difference between the north and the south. The relationship between the April sensible heat flux of the plateau and the summer precipitation south of the Yangtze River in China. The Himalayan region (Plateau E region) in April is the key area affecting the summer precipitation in the south of the Yangtze River, and the sensible heat flux in the key area in April and the summer fall in the south of the Yangtze River. Water has the opposite trend. There is a negative correlation, and there are 4 years main cycle and 8 years sub period, respectively, and turn around in 1998 and 2011. By analyzing the mechanism of precipitation anomaly, it is found that when the sensible heat flux in the key area of the plateau is weak in April, the area south of the Yangtze River is in front of the deep trough with shear line system, the baroclinic is very strong, and the air relative humidity is very high, which is favorable to precipitation in the south of the Yangtze River. On the contrary, it is unfavorable to precipitation.
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P426.6;P461
本文編號：2252689
[Abstract]:Energy, matter and momentum exchange have a profound effect on the global atmospheric circulation and climate fluctuations during the earth atmosphere interaction. In the near layer, sensible heat flux interacts with the atmosphere through turbulence. Because the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has an average elevation of more than 4000 meters, it is called the "third pole" of the earth, and its powerful sensible heat heating in the upper air is called the sensible heat driving pump. The thermal action of the plateau is an important factor in the turnover of the Asian monsoon, and its importance to the precipitation in East Asia is beyond doubt. At the same time, during the monsoon transition, the sensible heat flux of the plateau is one of the most important factors in heating the atmosphere of the plateau and its surrounding areas, which is of great significance to the prediction of summer precipitation in China. According to the difference of vegetation coverage on the underlying surface of the plateau, we divide the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau over 3000m into seven sub-regions (area A and G). At the same time, the sensible heat fluxes of the plateau and regions are calculated by using the observational data of 78 stations in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, the observational data of 830 stations in China and the global 17 layers data provided by NCEP. By means of wavelet analysis, correlation analysis, synthetic analysis and EOF, the temporal and spatial distribution and variation of sensible heat fluxes over the plateau are studied, and the relationship between the sensible heat fluxes of the plateau and summer precipitation in China in April is studied. And the relationship between the April sensible heat flux and summer precipitation south of the Yangtze River in China. Temporal and spatial characteristics of sensible heat flux over the plateau. The mean annual, spring and summer sensible heat fluxes vary from 3 to 4 years in autumn and 2 to 3 years in winter, and the strongest sensible heat in the plateau lies in the Himalayan region and the weakest in the A region in the northwest of the plateau. The spatial distribution of sensible heat flux in spring and autumn is uniform and the gradient distribution is obvious in winter and summer. The gradient in summer is from east to west, but the direction is opposite in winter. The seasonal variation of sensible heat flux is determined by the extreme center of 10 m wind speed over the plateau and the variation of the temperature difference between the north and the south. The relationship between the April sensible heat flux of the plateau and the summer precipitation south of the Yangtze River in China. The Himalayan region (Plateau E region) in April is the key area affecting the summer precipitation in the south of the Yangtze River, and the sensible heat flux in the key area in April and the summer fall in the south of the Yangtze River. Water has the opposite trend. There is a negative correlation, and there are 4 years main cycle and 8 years sub period, respectively, and turn around in 1998 and 2011. By analyzing the mechanism of precipitation anomaly, it is found that when the sensible heat flux in the key area of the plateau is weak in April, the area south of the Yangtze River is in front of the deep trough with shear line system, the baroclinic is very strong, and the air relative humidity is very high, which is favorable to precipitation in the south of the Yangtze River. On the contrary, it is unfavorable to precipitation.
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P426.6;P461
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