發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-15 20:10

【摘要】：量子信息學(xué)是最近發(fā)展的最快及最熱門新學(xué)科。量子糾纏作為這一學(xué)科極為重要的特性,在整個(gè)量子信息的度量與處理過程中提供核心的量子資源。量子糾纏是兩個(gè)或多個(gè)量子系統(tǒng)中間存在的一種非定域,與經(jīng)典關(guān)聯(lián)有著本質(zhì)上的區(qū)別。量子隱形傳態(tài),量子稠密編碼,量子密鑰分配等都是通過量子糾纏這種現(xiàn)象得以實(shí)現(xiàn)的。隨著科學(xué)家們對(duì)于量子信息各種現(xiàn)象的了解和深入的發(fā)現(xiàn),量子糾纏還是無法完全描述所有的量子關(guān)聯(lián)。2001年ollivier和zurek引入了一種描述量子關(guān)聯(lián)的物理量(稱為量子失協(xié))。量子失協(xié)的計(jì)算方法是系統(tǒng)的總關(guān)聯(lián)和經(jīng)典關(guān)聯(lián)的差值。量子失協(xié)和量子糾纏的不同點(diǎn)在于,比如對(duì)于分離態(tài)而言,其糾纏值為零,但是量子失協(xié)的值可能不為零。這表明它比糾纏更為廣泛。為此人們對(duì)量子失協(xié)的研究產(chǎn)生了極大的興趣。從此種角度來看,量子失協(xié)的研究對(duì)量子資源的尋找是有潛在意義的。在這篇論文中,先介紹了量子信息的發(fā)展過程。重點(diǎn)敘述了量子糾纏的基本知識(shí)和量子糾纏的概念及其量子糾纏的應(yīng)用及幾種糾纏度量方式。其次詳細(xì)介紹了量子失協(xié)和幾何量子失協(xié)的概念和度量方式以及近期的一些實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)展。以原子與光腔耦合系統(tǒng)作為模型,分析了對(duì)雙J-C原子與孤立原子系統(tǒng)中的各種量子關(guān)聯(lián)的動(dòng)力學(xué)演化。最后一步利用三重J-C模型實(shí)現(xiàn)量子稠密編碼以及對(duì)單J-C原子與孤立原子系統(tǒng)中的部分各種量子關(guān)聯(lián)的動(dòng)力學(xué)演化進(jìn)行了討論與詳細(xì)探究。研究內(nèi)容以三個(gè)方面來介紹:一:以單Jaynes-Cummings(J-C)二能級(jí)原子和孤立原子構(gòu)成的模型為研究對(duì)象,詳細(xì)討論了此模型中的局部量子關(guān)聯(lián)。借用Dakic等人引入的衡量量子失協(xié)的方式。仔細(xì)分析了系統(tǒng)中兩原子間量子失協(xié)的演化特性,與此同時(shí)也給出了量子形成糾纏的演化。從結(jié)果中發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)系統(tǒng)在W態(tài)時(shí)由提高純度以及兩原子間的初始糾纏度可以提高系統(tǒng)的量子失協(xié)。而在這過程中非最大糾纏態(tài)的糾纏度對(duì)量子形成糾纏沒有直接影響。光子數(shù)和原子與腔之間的耦合常數(shù)在量子關(guān)聯(lián)演化過程中同樣起著很重要的作用。二:以雙J-C模型為研究對(duì)象,觀察了此模型中各種量子關(guān)聯(lián)隨時(shí)間的變化關(guān)系。仔細(xì)觀察了兩原子在W態(tài)時(shí)的純度,兩原子間初始糾纏度及光子數(shù)等系統(tǒng)參量對(duì)量子糾纏變化的貢獻(xiàn)。此過程中對(duì)相應(yīng)變量進(jìn)行了控制以便了解各個(gè)參數(shù)對(duì)量子糾纏的貢獻(xiàn)。這個(gè)過程中也一起考慮了量子失協(xié)以及幾何量子失協(xié)隨時(shí)間演化的影響。從結(jié)果中發(fā)現(xiàn)以升高初始態(tài)的純度及糾纏度帶來各種量子關(guān)聯(lián)的值的提升,也就是初始態(tài)的純度和初始糾纏度對(duì)量子關(guān)聯(lián)有著積極的作用。尤其是在光子數(shù)為零的時(shí)刻,幾何量子失協(xié)及量子糾纏的振幅衰減震蕩變?yōu)榈确鹗幎孔邮f(xié)的值為零。而光子數(shù)為非零時(shí),各種量子關(guān)聯(lián)的值隨時(shí)間振蕩衰減而震蕩程度不一樣,原子與腔系統(tǒng)的原子數(shù)越多量子關(guān)聯(lián)取得值勻?yàn)楦咭恍�。�?考慮三重Jaynes-Cummings模型,討論了引用此系統(tǒng)完成量子稠密編碼的過程。當(dāng)三個(gè)原子都在W態(tài)時(shí),考慮原子間初始糾纏度及耦合常數(shù)等系統(tǒng)參量對(duì)稠密編碼信道容量的影響。從演化圖中發(fā)現(xiàn)以改變初始態(tài)的糾纏度從而改變稠密編碼信道容量,初始糾纏度對(duì)量子關(guān)聯(lián)同樣起著積極作用,同樣的對(duì)量子稠密編碼也是不例外。耦合常數(shù)是改變演化過程的頻率,耦合常數(shù)大頻率也隨著變大。
[Abstract]:Quantum information science is the fastest developing and most popular new subject in recent years. Quantum entanglement, as an extremely important characteristic of this subject, provides the core quantum resources in the measurement and processing of quantum information. Quantum entanglement is a kind of non-locality existing between two or more quantum systems and has an essential region with classical correlation. No. Quantum teleportation, quantum dense coding, and quantum key distribution are all realized by quantum entanglement. With the understanding and discovery of various phenomena in quantum information, quantum entanglement still can not describe all quantum correlations. In 2001, Ollivier and Zurek introduced a description of quantum. The difference between quantum discord and quantum entanglement is that, for example, for a separated state, the entanglement value is zero, but the quantum discord value may not be zero. This shows that it is more extensive than entanglement. In this paper, the development of quantum information is introduced firstly. The basic knowledge of quantum entanglement and the concept of quantum entanglement, the application of quantum entanglement and several kinds of entanglement are described emphatically. Secondly, the concepts and measurements of quantum and geometric quantum dislocations are introduced in detail. The dynamical evolution of various quantum associations between a double J-C atom and an isolated atom system is analyzed by using the coupled atom-cavity system as a model. Finally, the quantum quantities are realized by using the triple J-C model. The sub-dense coding and the dynamical evolution of some quantum correlations between a single J-C atom and an isolated atom are discussed in detail. The contents of the study are introduced in three aspects: 1. Taking the model of a single Jaynes-Cummings (J-C) two-level atom and an isolated atom as the research object, the localities of the model are discussed in detail. Partial quantum correlation. By using the method introduced by Dakic et al. to measure quantum dissociation, the evolutionary characteristics of quantum dissociation between two atoms in the system are analyzed in detail. At the same time, the evolution of quantum entanglement formation is also given. The entanglement degree of the non-maximally entangled state has no direct effect on the entanglement formation. The photon number and the coupling constant between the atom and the cavity also play an important role in the evolution of the quantum correlation. 2. Taking the double J-C model as the research object, the time dependence of various quantum correlations in the model is observed. The contribution of the system parameters such as the purity of two atoms in W state, the initial entanglement between two atoms and the number of photons to the quantum entanglement is carefully observed. The results show that the initial state purity and the initial entanglement have positive effects on the quantum correlation. Especially when the photon number is zero, the geometric quantum dislocation and the amplitude attenuation oscillation of the quantum entanglement become oscillatory. When the number of photons is non-zero, the values of various quantum correlations decay with time and oscillate differently. The more the number of atoms in the atom-cavity system, the higher the value of the quantum correlation is. 3. Considering the triple Jaynes-Cummings model, we discuss the over-use of this system to complete quantum dense coding. When all three atoms are in the W state, the influence of the initial entanglement and coupling constant between atoms on the capacity of dense coding channel is considered. Coding is no exception. Coupling constants change the frequency of the evolution process, and the large frequency of coupling constants increases with it.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：O413

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