不同生境下蝎子體表抗沖蝕特性的比較仿生研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-28 17:16
【摘要】：作為機(jī)械零部件的三大主要失效形式之一,磨損造成了嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)、能源損失與材料浪費(fèi)。沖蝕磨損是磨損的重要分支領(lǐng)域,它廣泛存在于汽輪機(jī)、管道、離心式壓縮機(jī)、離心風(fēng)機(jī)、旋風(fēng)分離器、氣體鉆井鉆桿、節(jié)流管匯、天線罩、直升機(jī)旋翼等機(jī)械產(chǎn)品上,已成為設(shè)備失效的重要原因之一。目前,科研人員主要通過(guò)選用耐磨材料、采取表面強(qiáng)化工藝或熱處理技術(shù)來(lái)提高材料表面的抗沖蝕磨損性能,然而這些方法并沒(méi)有達(dá)到理想的效果。因此,尋求一種優(yōu)異的抗沖蝕磨損新技術(shù)、新工藝已經(jīng)成為材料科學(xué)研究的熱點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)。受仿生學(xué)啟發(fā),本文以生活在沙漠、灌木叢和半干旱地區(qū)的黑粗尾蝎(Parabuthus transvaalicus)為生物原型,以生活在亞洲熱帶雨林中的彼得異蝎(Heterometrus petersii)為參比對(duì)象,對(duì)兩種蝎子的生境特征進(jìn)行了差異性分析,采用顯微分析手段從4個(gè)層次對(duì)其體表形態(tài)及結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了對(duì)比研究。發(fā)現(xiàn)蝎子的各背板之間通過(guò)節(jié)間膜連接形成凹槽,且黑粗尾蝎體表的凹槽寬度大于彼得異蝎的凹槽寬度;與彼得異蝎相比,黑粗尾蝎背板表面分布有密度不均、粒徑更大的凸包顆粒,且其在背板側(cè)部最為密集。在凸包與凸包之間,黑粗尾蝎背板表面還覆蓋有微米級(jí)的類(lèi)正六邊形凹坑結(jié)構(gòu)。對(duì)比兩種蝎子的背板厚度,發(fā)現(xiàn)黑粗尾蝎的背板厚度更大,且其隨位置的不同而出現(xiàn)明顯的變化規(guī)律。此外,兩種蝎子的背板都存在梯度分層結(jié)構(gòu),其中內(nèi)表皮由纖維螺旋排列形成Bouligand結(jié)構(gòu),內(nèi)表皮上的蜂窩微孔道也進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)了背板的順應(yīng)性,兩種蝎子背板橫截面的差異性主要體現(xiàn)在各分層之間的厚度。由于沖蝕磨損性能與材料本身的性能密切相關(guān),因此,對(duì)兩種蝎子背板的化學(xué)成分與宏微觀力學(xué)性能進(jìn)行了研究。發(fā)現(xiàn)黑粗尾蝎背板中含有Fe元素,且Fe元素的分布特性與蛋白質(zhì)的分布特性相一致;彼得異蝎背板中基本不含F(xiàn)e元素,且所含蛋白質(zhì)也無(wú)顯著性分布規(guī)律。此外,黑粗尾蝎背板的彈性模量大于彼得異蝎相應(yīng)背板的彈性模量。在背板橫截面弧形方向上,黑粗尾蝎背板的微觀硬度H、彈性模量E以及H3/E2值,均呈現(xiàn)出側(cè)部最大、中間次之、邊緣最小的變化規(guī)律,彼得異蝎的以上力學(xué)參數(shù)為隨機(jī)波動(dòng)數(shù)值。對(duì)于以上兩種蝎子,其背板的微觀硬度與彈性模量在沿上表皮到內(nèi)表皮的方向上均呈現(xiàn)出逐漸減小的變化趨勢(shì)。對(duì)于黑粗尾蝎背板橫截面的凸包與非凸包位置,前者的微觀硬度、彈性模量以及H3/E2值均要顯著優(yōu)于后者。在研究了兩種蝎子體表的生物學(xué)以及材料學(xué)特征之后,通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)小型生物體沖蝕磨損試驗(yàn)裝置,對(duì)活體黑粗尾蝎、彼得異蝎體表以及普通玻璃板的沖蝕磨損性能進(jìn)行了對(duì)比研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)活體黑粗尾蝎體表具有最為優(yōu)異的抗沖蝕磨損性能。之后,圍繞體表形態(tài)與結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)部軟硬(剛?cè)?梯度分層結(jié)構(gòu)、化學(xué)成分以及力學(xué)性能對(duì)黑粗尾蝎的抗沖蝕機(jī)理進(jìn)行了多角度分析。ANSYS-FLUENT流體仿真分析發(fā)現(xiàn),V型槽、凸包以及正六邊形凹坑對(duì)蝎子體表構(gòu)成了全方位防御;赫茲接觸以及赫茲彈性碰撞理論的結(jié)果證明,梯度分層結(jié)構(gòu)不僅避免了蝎子體表被直接磨損穿透,而且還緩釋了粒子的沖擊能量;Fe參與到了蛋白質(zhì)基質(zhì)的交聯(lián)之中,使得黑粗尾蝎背板具有較高的彈性模量,從而使其具有更為優(yōu)異的抗沖蝕磨損性能。此外,黑粗尾蝎對(duì)風(fēng)沙環(huán)境的適應(yīng)性,導(dǎo)致背板側(cè)部逐漸進(jìn)化出較厚的外骨骼和更密集的體表形態(tài)。在對(duì)黑粗尾蝎的形態(tài)、結(jié)構(gòu)及尺寸信息進(jìn)行提取后,結(jié)合加工工藝精度,設(shè)計(jì)了V、VC、VH200、VH300、VH500、VCH200、VCH300、VCH500共8種具有復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的仿生表面樣件,為了對(duì)比分析,同時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)同樣大小的光滑樣件。以EOS Stainless Steel GP1金屬粉末為打印材料,利用EOSINT M280激光燒結(jié)系統(tǒng)分別打印出了以上9種試驗(yàn)樣件。接著,采用線切割設(shè)備、砂輪機(jī)以及噴砂機(jī)對(duì)樣件進(jìn)行了后處理,用自制的噴射式?jīng)_蝕磨損系統(tǒng)對(duì)樣件表面進(jìn)行了沖蝕測(cè)試。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)有助于提升樣件表面的沖蝕磨損性能,且V型槽對(duì)結(jié)果的影響最大,其次為凸包,正六邊形凹坑結(jié)構(gòu)的影響最小。與光滑樣件相比,VCH500樣件的抗沖蝕磨損性能提高了約31.9%。
[Abstract]:As one of the three major failure forms of mechanical parts, wear and tear have caused serious economic, energy loss and material waste. Erosion wear is an important branch of wear and tear. It is widely used in steam turbine, pipe, centrifugal compressor, centrifugal fan, cyclone separator, gas drilling rig, throttle manifold, radome, helicopter rotor. On mechanical products, it has become one of the important reasons for the failure of the equipment. At present, the researchers mainly use the wear-resistant material to improve the erosion resistance and wear resistance of the material surface by using the surface strengthening technology or heat treatment technology. However, these methods have not reached the ideal results. Therefore, a new technique for resisting erosion and abrasion is sought. The new technology has become a hot and difficult point in the research of material science. Inspired by bionics, this paper uses the Parabuthus transvaalicus (Parabuthus transvaalicus) living in the desert, Bush and semi-arid area as the biological prototype, with the Heterometrus petersii of the Asian tropical rainforest as the reference object, and to the birth of two kinds of scorpions. The morphology and structure of the body surface were compared by microanalysis. It was found that the back plates of the scorpion were connected through the internode membrane to form the grooves, and the groove width of the black rough tail Scorpion was larger than the groove width of Peter. Compared with Peter, the black coarse tail scorpion back plate table was compared. The surface distribution has uneven density and larger particle size, and it is the most dense in the side of the back plate. Between the convex hull and the convex hull, the surface of the black coarse tail scorpion is also covered with a micron like hexagonal concave pit structure. Comparing the thickness of the back plate of the two scorpion, it is found that the back plate of the black scorpion is more thick and appears clearly with the different position. In addition, there are gradient stratification in the back plates of the two scorpion, in which the inner epidermis is formed by the spiral arrangement of the fibers, and the cellular microchannels on the inner epidermis further enhance the compliance of the back plates. The difference of the cross section of the two kinds of scorpion back plates should be reflected in the thickness between the layers. Because of the erosion mill, the difference of the cross section of the two kinds of scorpion backplates should be reflected. The loss performance is closely related to the performance of the material itself. Therefore, the chemical composition and macro and micro mechanical properties of the two kinds of scorpion backplates are studied. It is found that the Fe element is contained in the black coarse tail scorpion back plate, and the distribution characteristics of the Fe element are in accordance with the distribution characteristics of the protein. The Peter backboard contains basically no Fe elements, and the protein is also contained. In addition, the elastic modulus of the back plate of the black rough tail scorpion is larger than the elastic modulus of the corresponding back plate of Peter. In the curved direction of the cross section of the back plate, the microhardness H, the modulus of elasticity E and the H3/E2 value of the back plate of the black coarse Scorpion are all showing the maximum side of the side, the middle time, the smallest edge, and the above forces of the Peter scorpion. For the above two scorpion, the micro hardness and elastic modulus of the backplane of the above two scorpion are gradually decreasing in the direction of the upper epidermis and the upper epidermis. For the convex and non convex positions of the cross section of the black coarse scorpion back plate, the micro hardness, the elastic modulus and the H3/E2 value of the former are superior to those of the scorpion. After studying the biological and material characteristics of two kinds of scorpion body surface, the erosion wear performance of the living body black coarse scorpion, Peter scorpion body surface and the ordinary glass plate was compared by the design of the small biological erosion wear test device. It was found that the body surface of the living body black coarse tail scorpion has the most excellent erosion resistance. .ANSYS-FLUENT fluid simulation analysis shows that V groove, convex hull and hexagonal pits constitute the full defense of the scorpion body surface and Hertz contact. The results of the Hertz elastic collision theory show that the gradient stratified structure not only avoids the direct wear and penetration of the scorpion body surface, but also sustains the impact energy of the particle, and Fe participates in the cross-linking of the protein matrix, making the black coarse tail scorpion back have a higher elastic modulus, thus making it have a more excellent erosion resistance. In addition, the adaptability of the black coarse tail scorpion to the sand environment leads to the gradual evolution of the thicker exoskeleton and more dense body surface morphology in the side of the backplane. After the extraction of the shape, structure and size information of the black coarse scorpion, combined with the processing precision, a total of 8 kinds of complex knot, V, VC, VH200, VH300, VH500, VCH200, VCH300, VCH500, are designed. In order to compare and analyze the sample of the bionic surface, a smooth sample of the same size was designed for comparison and analysis. With EOS Stainless Steel GP1 metal powder as the printing material, the above 9 samples were printed out by the EOSINT M280 laser sintering system. Then, the sample was carried out by wire cutting equipment, grinding wheel machine and sandblasting machine. The results show that the composite structure helps to improve the erosion and abrasion performance of the sample surface, and the V groove has the greatest impact on the results, followed by the convex hull, the regular hexagonal concave structure has the smallest impact. Compared with the smooth sample, the impact of the VCH500 sample is compared with the smooth sample. The erosion and wear performance improved by about 31.9%.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：Q811
本文編號(hào)：2151014
[Abstract]:As one of the three major failure forms of mechanical parts, wear and tear have caused serious economic, energy loss and material waste. Erosion wear is an important branch of wear and tear. It is widely used in steam turbine, pipe, centrifugal compressor, centrifugal fan, cyclone separator, gas drilling rig, throttle manifold, radome, helicopter rotor. On mechanical products, it has become one of the important reasons for the failure of the equipment. At present, the researchers mainly use the wear-resistant material to improve the erosion resistance and wear resistance of the material surface by using the surface strengthening technology or heat treatment technology. However, these methods have not reached the ideal results. Therefore, a new technique for resisting erosion and abrasion is sought. The new technology has become a hot and difficult point in the research of material science. Inspired by bionics, this paper uses the Parabuthus transvaalicus (Parabuthus transvaalicus) living in the desert, Bush and semi-arid area as the biological prototype, with the Heterometrus petersii of the Asian tropical rainforest as the reference object, and to the birth of two kinds of scorpions. The morphology and structure of the body surface were compared by microanalysis. It was found that the back plates of the scorpion were connected through the internode membrane to form the grooves, and the groove width of the black rough tail Scorpion was larger than the groove width of Peter. Compared with Peter, the black coarse tail scorpion back plate table was compared. The surface distribution has uneven density and larger particle size, and it is the most dense in the side of the back plate. Between the convex hull and the convex hull, the surface of the black coarse tail scorpion is also covered with a micron like hexagonal concave pit structure. Comparing the thickness of the back plate of the two scorpion, it is found that the back plate of the black scorpion is more thick and appears clearly with the different position. In addition, there are gradient stratification in the back plates of the two scorpion, in which the inner epidermis is formed by the spiral arrangement of the fibers, and the cellular microchannels on the inner epidermis further enhance the compliance of the back plates. The difference of the cross section of the two kinds of scorpion back plates should be reflected in the thickness between the layers. Because of the erosion mill, the difference of the cross section of the two kinds of scorpion backplates should be reflected. The loss performance is closely related to the performance of the material itself. Therefore, the chemical composition and macro and micro mechanical properties of the two kinds of scorpion backplates are studied. It is found that the Fe element is contained in the black coarse tail scorpion back plate, and the distribution characteristics of the Fe element are in accordance with the distribution characteristics of the protein. The Peter backboard contains basically no Fe elements, and the protein is also contained. In addition, the elastic modulus of the back plate of the black rough tail scorpion is larger than the elastic modulus of the corresponding back plate of Peter. In the curved direction of the cross section of the back plate, the microhardness H, the modulus of elasticity E and the H3/E2 value of the back plate of the black coarse Scorpion are all showing the maximum side of the side, the middle time, the smallest edge, and the above forces of the Peter scorpion. For the above two scorpion, the micro hardness and elastic modulus of the backplane of the above two scorpion are gradually decreasing in the direction of the upper epidermis and the upper epidermis. For the convex and non convex positions of the cross section of the black coarse scorpion back plate, the micro hardness, the elastic modulus and the H3/E2 value of the former are superior to those of the scorpion. After studying the biological and material characteristics of two kinds of scorpion body surface, the erosion wear performance of the living body black coarse scorpion, Peter scorpion body surface and the ordinary glass plate was compared by the design of the small biological erosion wear test device. It was found that the body surface of the living body black coarse tail scorpion has the most excellent erosion resistance. .ANSYS-FLUENT fluid simulation analysis shows that V groove, convex hull and hexagonal pits constitute the full defense of the scorpion body surface and Hertz contact. The results of the Hertz elastic collision theory show that the gradient stratified structure not only avoids the direct wear and penetration of the scorpion body surface, but also sustains the impact energy of the particle, and Fe participates in the cross-linking of the protein matrix, making the black coarse tail scorpion back have a higher elastic modulus, thus making it have a more excellent erosion resistance. In addition, the adaptability of the black coarse tail scorpion to the sand environment leads to the gradual evolution of the thicker exoskeleton and more dense body surface morphology in the side of the backplane. After the extraction of the shape, structure and size information of the black coarse scorpion, combined with the processing precision, a total of 8 kinds of complex knot, V, VC, VH200, VH300, VH500, VCH200, VCH300, VCH500, are designed. In order to compare and analyze the sample of the bionic surface, a smooth sample of the same size was designed for comparison and analysis. With EOS Stainless Steel GP1 metal powder as the printing material, the above 9 samples were printed out by the EOSINT M280 laser sintering system. Then, the sample was carried out by wire cutting equipment, grinding wheel machine and sandblasting machine. The results show that the composite structure helps to improve the erosion and abrasion performance of the sample surface, and the V groove has the greatest impact on the results, followed by the convex hull, the regular hexagonal concave structure has the smallest impact. Compared with the smooth sample, the impact of the VCH500 sample is compared with the smooth sample. The erosion and wear performance improved by about 31.9%.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：Q811
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