發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-26 16:47

【摘要】：青藏高原以其復(fù)雜的形成機(jī)制、獨(dú)特的地理位置、氣候特點(diǎn)和地質(zhì)地貌,成為全球地學(xué)研究的焦點(diǎn),青藏高原湖泊眾多,是地球上海拔最高、數(shù)量最多和面積最大的高原內(nèi)陸湖區(qū),利用遙感和GIS技術(shù)監(jiān)測青藏高原湖泊環(huán)境要素的動(dòng)態(tài)變化,進(jìn)一步分析各要素對(duì)氣候變化的響應(yīng),對(duì)促進(jìn)青藏高原的水循環(huán)和能量循環(huán)研究以及青藏高原生態(tài)環(huán)境的可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施有重要的意義。本文基于多源遙感數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)青藏高原的湖泊水文和環(huán)境要素進(jìn)行監(jiān)測,湖泊水文要素包括湖泊面積、湖泊水位、湖冰物候,地表環(huán)境要素包括NDVI、雪覆蓋和反照率。使用MOD09地表反射率產(chǎn)品,通過單波段雙峰谷值法提取高原湖泊面積;使用T/P、Jason_1/2、ENVISAT、ICESat高度計(jì)數(shù)據(jù),根據(jù)測高原理計(jì)算青藏高原湖泊水位;使用MOD10冰雪產(chǎn)品,通過閾值法提取青藏高原湖泊湖冰物候期和封凍期;NDVI、雪覆蓋和反照率分別使用MOD09地表反射率產(chǎn)品、MOD10冰雪產(chǎn)品、GLASS地表短波反照率產(chǎn)品計(jì)算提取,根據(jù)不同生態(tài)地理分區(qū),分析不同生態(tài)地理分區(qū)各要素的變化特點(diǎn)和規(guī)律。通過分析青藏高原1970-2015年溫度、降水、蒸發(fā)的時(shí)空變化特點(diǎn),結(jié)合各湖泊水文要素和環(huán)境要素的監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù),分析各要素對(duì)氣候變化的響應(yīng),并對(duì)不同生態(tài)區(qū)的響應(yīng)特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,結(jié)論如下:(1)2000-2015年青藏高原湖泊面積整體呈擴(kuò)大趨勢,各湖泊變化率在-3.92km2/a到14.82km2/a之間,北部地區(qū)湖泊面積擴(kuò)張最強(qiáng)烈,面積縮小的湖泊主要集中在南部地區(qū)。青藏高原湖泊水位大多在4000m以上,湖泊水位呈上升趨勢,水位變化率在-1.480m/a到1.038m/a之間,水位減小的湖泊主要分布在南部藏南山地地區(qū),湖泊面積和水位的變化基本一致。(2)青藏高原湖泊開始結(jié)冰一般在十一月初到十二月中旬,完全結(jié)冰一般在十一月中旬到次年一月初,開始融化在三月中旬到五月初,完全融化在四月中旬到六月初。封凍期平均175天,完全封凍期平均130天;湖冰物候有明顯區(qū)域差異,北部湖區(qū)開始結(jié)冰期早,完全融化期晚,封凍期長,南部湖區(qū)開始結(jié)冰期晚,完全融化期早,封凍期短;湖冰封凍期變化率在-4.28d/a到7.34d/a之間,北部湖區(qū)湖泊封凍期變化較大。(3)青藏高原積雪覆蓋由西北向東南逐漸減小,2001-2015年青藏高原積雪覆蓋率呈小幅下降趨勢;青藏高原NDVI值由西北向東南逐漸增加,2001-2015年青藏高原NDVI呈上升趨勢,變化率為0.0005/a;青藏高原黑空反照率呈現(xiàn)東南部低,西北部高的空間分布特點(diǎn),2001-2010年青藏高原地表反照率呈變小趨勢,變化率為-0.0014/a;反照率與積雪覆蓋率和NDVI有較好的相關(guān)性,相關(guān)系數(shù)分別是0.737和-0.806。(4)青海湖、羊卓雍錯(cuò)、色林錯(cuò)三個(gè)湖泊中色林錯(cuò)面積對(duì)溫度和降水的敏感性最大,羊卓雍錯(cuò)次之,青海湖最小,并且羊卓雍錯(cuò)和色林錯(cuò)面積對(duì)單位溫度變化的響應(yīng)大于對(duì)單位降水變化的響應(yīng)。湖冰物候主要受溫度、降水、風(fēng)速的影響,溫度是主要的影響要素,溫度或降水的增加,使湖泊封凍期縮短,風(fēng)速的增加,使封凍期延長。(5)青藏高原積雪覆蓋率、NDVI和反照率與區(qū)域溫度和降水有較好的相關(guān)性,積雪覆蓋率與溫度呈負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系,與降水主要呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系;NDVI與溫度呈正相關(guān),與降水相關(guān)性根據(jù)區(qū)域降水量的不同有正相關(guān)也有負(fù)相關(guān);反照率與溫度和降水基本呈負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系,并且不同地理分區(qū)積雪覆蓋率、NDVI和反照率與區(qū)域溫度和降水存在明顯的空間差異。
[Abstract]:The Qinghai Tibet Plateau, with its complex formation mechanism, unique geographical location, climate characteristics and geological and geomorphology, has become the focus of global geoscience. There are numerous lakes in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, which are the highest, largest and largest inland lake area of the earth and Shanghai, which are used to monitor the dynamic changes of the lake environmental factors in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau by remote sensing and GIS technology. Further analysis of the response of various factors to climate change is of great significance for promoting the study of the water cycle and energy cycle of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the implementation of the sustainable development strategy of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. Mooring area, lake water level, lake ice phenology and surface environmental factors include NDVI, snow cover and albedo. Using MOD09 surface reflectance products to extract Plateau Lake area through single band Shuangfeng valley value method; use T/P, Jason_1/2, ENVISAT, ICESat altimeter data to calculate the lake level in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau Based on the principle of height measurement; use MOD10 ice and snow products, The threshold method was used to extract the ice phenology and the freezing period of lake and lake in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. NDVI, the snow cover and albedo used MOD09 surface reflectance products, MOD10 ice and snow products, and GLASS surface shortwave albedo products to be extracted. According to different ecological geographical areas, the characteristics and laws of the various elements of different geographical regions were analyzed. The characteristics of the 1970-2015 years' temperature, precipitation and evaporation in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau are analyzed, and the responses of various factors to climate change are analyzed in combination with the monitoring data of the hydrological and environmental factors of various lakes, and the response characteristics of different ecological regions are compared and analyzed. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the overall area of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau Lake area is expanded in the 2000-2015 year. The lake change rate is between -3.92km2/a and 14.82km2/a, the area of Lake area in the northern region is the strongest, the lake area is mainly concentrated in the south area. The lake level of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau is mostly above 4000m, the lake water level is rising, the water level change rate is from -1.480m/a to 1.038m/ a, and the lake is mainly distributed in the south of the lake. The changes in Lake area and water level are basically the same in Zangnan mountain area. (2) the Qinghai Tibet Plateau Lake begins to freeze from the beginning of November to mid December, and the ice is generally melted from mid March to early May and melts from mid March to early May and completely melts from mid April to early May. The freezing period is 175 days on average. The freezing period is 130 days on average; there are obvious regional differences in the lake ice phenology. The Northern Lake area begins with early freezing period, complete melting period late, long freezing period, late freezing period in the southern Lake area, early melting period, short freezing period, the change rate of lake ice sealing period from -4.28d/a to 7.34d/a, and the great change of the lake sealing period in the Northern Lake area. (3) snow cover over the Qinghai Tibet Plateau The cover from northwest to Southeast gradually decreases, and the snow cover rate of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau is decreasing in 2001-2015 years. The NDVI value of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau is gradually increasing from northwest to Southeast, and the NDVI of Qinghai Tibet Plateau is on the rise in 2001-2015 years, the rate of change is 0.0005/a, and the albedo of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau is low in the southeast and high in the northwest of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, 2001-2010 The albedo of the surface of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau is a small trend in the year, the rate of change is -0.0014/a, the albedo has a good correlation with the snow cover rate and NDVI, the correlation coefficient is 0.737 and -0.806. (4) Qinghai Lake, the Yang Zhuoyong error is wrong, the color forest fault area is the most sensitive to temperature and water reduction in three lakes, Yang Zhuoyong is wrong and Qinghai Lake is the smallest. The response of the Yang Zhuo fault and the area of the color forest to the unit temperature change is greater than the response to the change of unit precipitation. The lake ice phenology is mainly influenced by temperature, precipitation and wind speed. The temperature is the main influencing factor, the increase of temperature or precipitation, the shortening of the freezing period of the lake, the increase of wind speed, and the prolongation of the freezing period. (5) the snow cover of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau Rate, NDVI and albedo have a good correlation with regional temperature and precipitation, the snow cover rate is negatively correlated with temperature, and there is a positive correlation with precipitation, and NDVI is positively correlated with temperature, and the correlation with precipitation is positive and negative according to the difference of precipitation in the region, and the albedo is negatively correlated with temperature and precipitation. There is obvious spatial difference in snow cover, NDVI and albedo with regional temperature and precipitation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P332;P343.3

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