【摘要】：結(jié)冰引起的附著和積累現(xiàn)象影響人們的生產(chǎn)和生活,造成經(jīng)濟(jì)損失甚至是人身安全事故。本文基于相變膨脹釋能現(xiàn)象提出一種防結(jié)冰方法,進(jìn)行方案設(shè)計(jì),指出研究思路的理論來(lái)源并提出具體研究思路及技術(shù)路線。利用不同液體的相變時(shí)差,通過(guò)約束接觸邊界的方法來(lái)加強(qiáng)結(jié)冰相變所產(chǎn)生的膨脹力。試驗(yàn)觀察冷表面上和冷環(huán)境中的水結(jié)冰相變規(guī)律及膨脹形變效應(yīng),分析水結(jié)冰相變過(guò)程的對(duì)外特性。制備了基于相變膨脹釋能的防結(jié)冰覆膜模型,并進(jìn)行性能試驗(yàn)。對(duì)防結(jié)冰覆膜模型進(jìn)行優(yōu)化分析及驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)。本文的主要工作和結(jié)論如下。(1)本文針對(duì)冷表面上和冷環(huán)境中的水結(jié)冰相變現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)研究,包括結(jié)冰過(guò)程中水滴形態(tài)變化規(guī)律、水滴內(nèi)溫度變化規(guī)律、相變時(shí)長(zhǎng)特性、體積膨脹特性。試驗(yàn)采用觀察和測(cè)量計(jì)算的方法,揭示水結(jié)冰相變過(guò)程的對(duì)外特性。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),結(jié)冰過(guò)程中,水滴形態(tài)先后為清晰原始狀態(tài)、渾濁的過(guò)冷狀態(tài)、冰界面形成、冰界面上移、水滴頂部出現(xiàn)凸起、直至相變完成。水滴內(nèi)溫度先后經(jīng)歷快速降溫、平穩(wěn)過(guò)冷、溫度驟然升高又快速下降、逐漸平穩(wěn)階段。結(jié)冰相變時(shí)長(zhǎng)受水滴尺寸影響,水滴尺寸越大,結(jié)冰相變時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)。溶液結(jié)冰體積膨脹顯著,且體積膨脹主要發(fā)生在相變階段。(2)基于相變膨脹釋能制備一種防結(jié)冰覆膜模型,用模型驗(yàn)證基于相變膨脹釋能的防結(jié)冰方法的可行性,研究覆膜模型對(duì)結(jié)冰切向粘附強(qiáng)度的影響效果。以結(jié)冰切向力為指標(biāo)進(jìn)行結(jié)冰、除冰測(cè)試,分析低冰點(diǎn)溶液濃度對(duì)結(jié)冰切向力的影響,觀察結(jié)冰后的覆膜模型表面和冰界面的形態(tài)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)防結(jié)冰覆膜模型的結(jié)冰切向粘附強(qiáng)度明顯低于未經(jīng)處理的樣件,低冰點(diǎn)溶液濃度越低,降低結(jié)冰切向粘附強(qiáng)度的效果越好。凹坑內(nèi)填充低冰點(diǎn)溶液的防結(jié)冰覆膜模型結(jié)冰后,其冰界面呈現(xiàn)無(wú)規(guī)則凹凸不平結(jié)構(gòu),且中心處凹陷最大。(3)以結(jié)冰切向力為測(cè)試指標(biāo),通過(guò)試驗(yàn)優(yōu)化和測(cè)試手段來(lái)研究最優(yōu)防結(jié)冰覆膜模型,進(jìn)行方差分析、最優(yōu)覆膜模型驗(yàn)證、模擬實(shí)際自然環(huán)境結(jié)冰測(cè)試。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),降低結(jié)冰切向力的影響主次因素為低冰點(diǎn)溶液濃度凹坑深度凹坑直徑。當(dāng)乙醇溶液濃度為6%,凹坑直徑為22mm,凹坑深度為4.7mm時(shí),防結(jié)冰覆膜模型最優(yōu),降低結(jié)冰切向粘附強(qiáng)度的效果最好。應(yīng)用最優(yōu)防結(jié)冰覆膜模型后,對(duì)于0.08g/m L雜質(zhì)含量的水,可降低結(jié)冰切向粘附強(qiáng)度達(dá)56.36%。雜質(zhì)含量越少,覆膜模型降低結(jié)冰切向粘附強(qiáng)度的效果越好。
[Abstract]:The phenomenon of attachment and accumulation caused by ice affects people's production and life, and results in economic losses and even personal safety accidents. In this paper, based on the phenomenon of phase change expansion and energy release, an anti-icing method is proposed, and the scheme design is carried out. The theoretical source of the research ideas is pointed out, and the specific research ideas and technical routes are put forward. In this paper, the expansion force of ice phase transition is strengthened by limiting the contact boundary by using phase change time difference of different liquids. The law of water ice phase transition and the effect of expansion deformation on cold surface and cold environment were observed, and the external characteristics of water ice phase transition were analyzed. An anti-icing film model based on phase change expansion release was prepared and its performance was tested. The model of anti-icing film was optimized and verified. The main work and conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the phenomena of water freezing phase transition on cold surface and in cold environment are studied in this paper, including the change of water droplet morphology, the variation of temperature in water droplet, and the characteristics of phase transition duration. Volume expansion property. The external characteristics of the process of water freezing phase transition are revealed by means of observation and measurement. It is found that the droplet morphology in the process of ice formation is a clear primitive state, a turbid supercooled state, ice interface formation, ice interface moving up and the top of the water droplet protruding until the phase transition is completed. The temperature in water droplets has experienced rapid cooling, steady undercooling, sudden rise of temperature, rapid decrease, and gradually stable stage. The length of freezing phase transition is affected by the size of water droplet, the larger the size of water droplet, the longer the time of freezing phase transition. The volume expansion of the solution is significant, and the volume expansion mainly occurs in the phase change stage. (2) based on the phase change expansion energy release, a kind of anti-icing film model is prepared, and the model is used to verify the feasibility of the anti-icing method based on the phase-change expansion energy release method. The effect of film mulching model on the tangential adhesion strength of ice was studied. The effect of the concentration of low freezing point solution on the freezing tangential force was analyzed, and the morphology of the surface and the ice interface of the ice-coated model was observed. It was found that the freezing tangential adhesion strength of the model was obviously lower than that of the untreated sample, and the lower the concentration of the solution at the low freezing point, the better the effect of reducing the ice tangential adhesion strength. The ice interface of the anti-icing film model filled with low freezing point solution in the pit is irregular and uneven, and the hollow in the center is the largest. (3) the ice tangential force is taken as the test index. The optimal anti-icing film model was studied by means of test optimization and test. The variance analysis, the verification of the optimal film coating model and the simulation of the actual natural environment icing test were carried out. It is found that the primary and secondary factors affecting the freezing tangential force are the deep pit diameter of the low freezing solution concentration. When the concentration of ethanol solution is 6 mm, the diameter of the pit is 22 mm, and the depth of the pit is 4.7mm, the model of anti-icing coating is the best, and the effect of reducing the tangential adhesion strength of ice is the best. After the application of the optimal anti-icing film model, the tangential adhesion strength of the ice can be reduced to 56.36 for the water with impurity content of 0.08g/m L. The lower the impurity content, the better the effect of the film mulching model on reducing the ice tangential adhesion strength.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：O552.6

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本文編號(hào)：2132328