本文選題：極端溫度事件 + 極端降水事件��； 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：極端氣候事件主要包括溫度和降水,是氣候變化極值研究的重要方面。本文選取全國(guó)756個(gè)氣象站的逐日地面氣候資料數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)原始數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行質(zhì)量控制后,計(jì)算得到多個(gè)中國(guó)1960年到2012年的極端溫度事件和極端降水事件的指標(biāo),并對(duì)這些指標(biāo)進(jìn)行時(shí)空變化特征分析,得到了極端溫度事件和降水事件在我國(guó)發(fā)生的規(guī)律,本文的主要結(jié)果如下:1.就全國(guó)平均而言,全國(guó)的極端高溫事件發(fā)生頻次有所增加;而極端低溫事件發(fā)生頻次減少,且減少幅度大于高溫事件發(fā)生的頻次。2.全國(guó)除青藏高海拔地區(qū),都有發(fā)生極端高溫事件的可能性,但發(fā)生頻次由南向北減少,極端溫度高值中心位于吐魯番盆地,且持續(xù)時(shí)間也較長(zhǎng);秦嶺-淮河以南地區(qū)幾乎不會(huì)發(fā)生極端低溫災(zāi)害事件,而北方則有發(fā)生的可能性,但近年來(lái)極端低溫事件也在減少。3.全國(guó)降水年累計(jì)總量多年來(lái)沒(méi)有明顯變化趨勢(shì),且中雨、大雨和暴雨日數(shù)變化也沒(méi)有明顯趨勢(shì);但強(qiáng)降水和極強(qiáng)降水的年累計(jì)降水量增加,極端強(qiáng)降水的強(qiáng)度有所增長(zhǎng)。4.全國(guó)仍以秦嶺-淮河為界,以北地區(qū)易發(fā)生持續(xù)干旱事件,而以南地區(qū)可則有較大的可能性發(fā)生極端降水事件,極端降水的高值中心位于江西東南部和福建西部交界地區(qū),以及華南沿海的部分地區(qū),此外,由于西南渦的存在,四川部分地區(qū)也是強(qiáng)降水事件的高發(fā)地帶。5.將我國(guó)分為10類區(qū)域,各類區(qū)域易受不同的極端事件影響,某類地區(qū)也可能受多種極端事件影響,氣候條件更為脆弱。
[Abstract]:Extreme climate events, including temperature and precipitation, are important aspects of climate change extremum study. In this paper, the daily surface climate data of 756 meteorological stations in China are selected, and after the quality control of the original data, the indexes of extreme temperature events and extreme precipitation events from 1960 to 2012 in China are calculated. The temporal and spatial variation characteristics of these indexes are analyzed and the law of extreme temperature events and precipitation events occurring in China is obtained. The main results of this paper are as follows: 1. On the national average, the frequency of extreme high temperature events in China has increased, while the frequency of extreme low temperature events has decreased, and the extent of reduction is larger than the frequency of high temperature events. 2. There is a possibility of extreme high temperature events occurring in the whole country except in the high altitude areas of Qinghai-Tibet, but the frequency of occurrence decreases from south to north, and the center of extreme high temperature is located in the Turpan basin and lasts for a long time. In the south of Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River, there is almost no extreme low temperature disaster event, but in the north there is a possibility of happening, but in recent years, the extreme low temperature event is also decreasing by 0.3%. There is no obvious change trend in the annual accumulative total precipitation in China for many years, and there is no obvious trend in the number of moderate rain, heavy rain and heavy rain days, but the annual accumulative precipitation of strong precipitation and extremely heavy precipitation increases, and the intensity of extreme heavy precipitation increases by .4. The whole country is still bounded by the Qinling-Huaihe River, and the area north is prone to sustained drought events, while extreme precipitation events may occur in the south of the country. The high value center of the extreme precipitation is located in the border area between the southeast of Jiangxi and the western part of Fujian. In addition, due to the existence of southwest vortex, some areas of Sichuan Province are also the high incidence area of heavy precipitation events. China is divided into 10 types of regions, each region is vulnerable to different extreme events, a certain type of region may also be affected by multiple extreme events, the climatic conditions are more fragile.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P426.6;P423

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