本文選題：地表溫度 + 植被指數(shù)�。� 參考：《太原理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：農(nóng)業(yè)干旱是由于水分供應(yīng)不平衡造成土壤缺水,影響農(nóng)作物的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育,直接導(dǎo)致糧食減產(chǎn),嚴(yán)重時(shí)影響糧食安全和社會(huì)穩(wěn)定。干旱季節(jié)容易誘發(fā)各種其他自然災(zāi)害,如森林火災(zāi)、蝗災(zāi)、農(nóng)作物減產(chǎn)、水資源短缺、土地沙漠化、地下水位下降等。準(zhǔn)確監(jiān)測(cè)農(nóng)業(yè)干旱,長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)都是學(xué)者們關(guān)注的重點(diǎn),研究并掌握其發(fā)展特征是國(guó)家預(yù)防農(nóng)業(yè)干旱及其他災(zāi)情發(fā)生的重中之重。本文在傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)干旱監(jiān)測(cè)及遙感干旱監(jiān)測(cè)模型基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)地表溫度(Land Surface Temperature,LST)進(jìn)行數(shù)字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model,DEM)和緯度校正得到修正后的LST,結(jié)合歸一化植被指數(shù)(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI)初步構(gòu)建溫度植被干旱指數(shù)(Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index,TVDI)模型;在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行擬合干邊改進(jìn),形成具有區(qū)域特色的山西省農(nóng)業(yè)干旱TVDI遙感監(jiān)測(cè)模型。將其應(yīng)用于研究區(qū),得到1984-2016年山西省農(nóng)業(yè)干旱監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果,探討并分析研究區(qū)33年間的干旱特征和演變特征,以及農(nóng)業(yè)干旱動(dòng)態(tài)變化與氣候變化之間的響應(yīng)。通過(guò)研究,得到以下主要結(jié)論:1.與改進(jìn)前的模型相比,改進(jìn)后的TVDI模型不僅修正了地區(qū)之間由于緯度差異帶來(lái)的干旱監(jiān)測(cè)誤差,而且對(duì)提高高海拔地區(qū)的農(nóng)業(yè)干旱監(jiān)測(cè)精度效果顯著。2.山西省農(nóng)業(yè)干旱總體上呈減緩趨勢(shì),歷年均有干旱發(fā)生,旱情由西到北呈現(xiàn)無(wú)旱到輕旱再到中旱的垂直分帶現(xiàn)象;全省農(nóng)業(yè)干旱普遍態(tài)勢(shì)表現(xiàn)為2-4月北部重旱,其余地區(qū)輕旱或無(wú)旱,5-9旱情減緩,10月-次年1月區(qū)域內(nèi)大部地區(qū)為輕旱或中旱;全省季際旱情除春季旱情呈現(xiàn)加重趨勢(shì)外,其余三季均呈現(xiàn)出減緩趨勢(shì)。3.1984-2016年間,山西省農(nóng)業(yè)干旱的空間空間分布特征為:中旱或重旱區(qū)由西北部蔓延至西部,再到東部和中部,最后到西北地區(qū);輕旱區(qū)由中部蔓延至中部和東部,最后到除中旱或重旱區(qū)的大多數(shù)區(qū)域。無(wú)旱區(qū)以運(yùn)城大部為主,夏季面積達(dá)到最大。秋季旱情與DEM高程分布呈現(xiàn)出顯著相關(guān)。4.分析TVDI與溫度、降水的關(guān)系發(fā)現(xiàn):年均TVDI與溫度相關(guān)性不顯著,正、負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系面積比例均衡,分別占全省總面積的57.3%和43.7%,相關(guān)系數(shù)絕對(duì)值東部高于西部;全省大部年均TVDI與降水呈現(xiàn)顯著負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系,研究區(qū)內(nèi)79%以上區(qū)域呈現(xiàn)負(fù)相關(guān),60%以上范圍相關(guān)系數(shù)絕對(duì)值達(dá)到0.5以上,且以呂梁山為界,東部相關(guān)性高于西部。
[Abstract]:Agricultural drought is caused by water supply imbalance resulting in soil water shortage, affecting the growth and development of crops, directly leading to grain production, seriously affecting food security and social stability. Drought season can easily induce other natural disasters, such as forest fire, locust disaster, crop yield reduction, water resources shortage, land desertification, groundwater level decline and so on. Accurate monitoring of agricultural drought has been the focus of scholars for a long time. It is the most important for the state to prevent agricultural drought and other disasters to study and grasp its development characteristics. Based on the traditional agricultural drought monitoring and remote sensing drought monitoring models, The Land Surface temperature Model Dem (Digital elevation Model Dem) and the modified LSTs after latitude correction are used to construct the Temperature vegetation dryness Index (TDI) model combining with the Normalized difference vegetation Index (NDVI). The TVDI remote sensing monitoring model of agricultural drought in Shanxi Province with regional characteristics was formed. The results of agricultural drought monitoring in Shanxi Province from 1984 to 2016 were applied to the study area. The drought characteristics and evolution characteristics in 33 years and the response between agricultural drought dynamics and climate change in the study area were discussed and analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. Compared with the improved model, the improved TVDI model not only corrects the drought monitoring error caused by the latitude difference among different regions, but also improves the precision of agricultural drought monitoring in the high altitude area. Generally speaking, agricultural drought in Shanxi Province has slowed down, and drought has occurred over the years, and the drought situation from west to north shows a vertical zonation of no drought to light drought and then to moderate drought, and the general situation of agricultural drought in Shanxi Province is severe drought in the northern part of the province from February to April. The drought in the rest of the region slowed down from 5 to 9, and in most of the regions from October to January of the following year, there was a moderate or moderate drought, and the interseasonal drought in the whole province showed a slowing trend except the increasing trend of drought in spring. 3. During the period 1984-2016, the interseasonal drought in the whole province showed a slowing trend. The spatial distribution characteristics of agricultural drought in Shanxi Province are as follows: moderate or heavy drought areas spread from the northwest to the west, then to the east and the middle, and finally to the northwest, and the light arid areas from the central to the central and eastern, Finally to most areas except moderate or heavily arid areas. The dry-free area is dominated by Yuncheng, with the largest area in summer. There was a significant correlation between drought and Dem height distribution in autumn. By analyzing the relationship between TVDI and temperature and precipitation, it is found that the average annual correlation between TVDI and temperature is not significant, and the proportion of positive and negative correlation area is balanced, accounting for 57.3% and 43.7% of the total area of the province, respectively. The absolute value of correlation coefficient in the east is higher than that in the west. There is a significant negative correlation between TVDI and precipitation in most of the provinces. The absolute value of range correlation coefficient is above 0.5 in more than 79% of the regions in the study area, and the correlation is higher in the east than in the west.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S423

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