本文選題：海盤車科 + 分類學(xué)　； 參考：《中國海洋大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：海盤車科(Asteriidae)屬于海星綱(Aasteroidea)鉗棘目(Forcipulatida),是重要的大型底棲生物。海盤車科在全世界分布廣泛,是潮間帶和潮下帶生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要捕食者。目前我國對于海盤車科分類學(xué)研究較少,之前儀有零星的物種記述,缺少系統(tǒng)的分類學(xué)研究和相應(yīng)的檢索表。本文依據(jù)中國科學(xué)院海洋研究所海洋生物標(biāo)本館館藏標(biāo)本,結(jié)合國內(nèi)外相關(guān)文獻(xiàn),研究了中國海域海盤車科的分類及地理分布特點(diǎn)。本文共記述海盤車科5屬11種。本文描述了各屬各種的形態(tài)特征,通過傳統(tǒng)形態(tài)學(xué)研究,結(jié)合掃描電子顯微鏡等新方法,系統(tǒng)研究了中國科學(xué)院海洋生物標(biāo)本館館藏的海盤車科物種標(biāo)本400余號,并總結(jié)其生活環(huán)境和地理分布,討論了各種屬之間的形態(tài)區(qū)別以及分類學(xué)中存在的問題,提供了所有種的整體和局部形態(tài)圖,列出了種屬鑒定所需要的分類檢索表。對于中國海域海盤車屬的形態(tài)學(xué)研究,支持了將異色海盤車從多棘海盤車分開為兩種不同的海盤車；支持中國有日本滑海盤車和張氏滑海盤車兩種滑海盤車屬物種,并提供了兩者新的區(qū)分特征；認(rèn)為座冠海星屬為海盤車科物種；發(fā)現(xiàn)了粗鈍海盤車在背棘上存在新的性狀特征;文中總結(jié)了各屬與種的鑒別特征和地理分布特點(diǎn),列出了詳細(xì)的檢索表,對于重點(diǎn)的形態(tài)學(xué)特征進(jìn)行拍照記錄,并討論了各屬和種之間的形態(tài)學(xué)區(qū)別等；通過掃描電子顯微鏡觀測拍照的結(jié)果,從棘的角度對于海盤車屬4個(gè)種進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的分類并給出基于棘的顯微結(jié)構(gòu)的海盤車屬檢索表,結(jié)果如下：1.上緣棘數(shù)2-5枚一組,通常為4枚以上,最多可以到達(dá)7枚;下緣棘1-3個(gè),最多可達(dá)5個(gè)……………………………………………多棘海盤車A. amurensis-上緣棘數(shù)通常為1-3個(gè),偶有4個(gè)；下緣棘數(shù)通常為1或2個(gè)………………22.上緣棘近腕基部通常為1個(gè)且排列整齊,較大個(gè)體腕中部和末端的上緣棘數(shù)可以達(dá)到2-3個(gè)…………………………………………異色海盤車A. versicolor-上緣棘近腕基部通常不為1,排列不整齊………………………………………33.背棘通常較為粗鈍,具有明顯的縱溝槽；上緣棘、下緣棘和側(cè)步帶棘較為粗壯,且具明顯的溝槽……………………………………粗鈍海盤車A. argonauta背棘較為短小,末端圓鈍,密生小刺,溝槽不明顯；上緣棘、下緣棘和側(cè)步帶棘較為尖細(xì),溝槽無或不明顯………………………羅氏海盤車A. rollestoni該研究是首次對于中國海域海盤車科進(jìn)行全面系統(tǒng)的分類學(xué)和地理分布研究,弄清了海盤車的種類組成和分布特點(diǎn),為中國海洋生物多樣性增添了新內(nèi)容,繼而為日后動物志的編寫與生物多樣性監(jiān)測評估提供了重要的基礎(chǔ)資料；同時(shí)展開了顯微結(jié)構(gòu)研究,著重厘清了海盤車屬4種的形態(tài)學(xué)差異,進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充形態(tài)學(xué)研究資料,方便進(jìn)行鑒別及下一步研究工作。下列中國海域海盤車科種類名稱,標(biāo)記有“*”的種類儀在臺灣海域有記載出現(xiàn)。海盤車科Family Asteriidae Gray,1840(1)海盤車屬Genus Asterias Linnaeus,17581.粗鈍海盤車Asterias argonauta Djakonov,19502.多棘海盤車Asterias amurensis Lutken,18713.羅氏海盤車Asterias rollestoni Bell,18814.異色海盤車Asterias versicolor Sladen,1889(2)滑海盤車屬Genus Aphelasterias Fisher,19235.日本滑海盤車Aphelasterias japonica Bell,18816.張氏滑海盤車Aphelasterias changfengyingi Baranova Wu,1962(3)長腕海盤車屬Genus Distolasterias Perrier,18967.日本長腕海盤車Distolasterias nipon Doderlein,19028.美麗長腕海盤車Distolasterias elegans Djakonov,1931(4)座冠海星屬Genus Coronaster Perrier,18859.座冠海星Coronaster volsellatus Sladen,188910.櫻花座冠海星Coronaster sakuranus Doderlein,1902*(5)篩海盤車屬Genus Coscinasterias Verrill,187011.尖棘篩海盤車Coscinasterias acutispina Stimpson,1862
[Abstract]:Asteriidae, which belongs to the Aasteroidea (Forcipulatida) and is an important large benthic, is widely distributed throughout the world and is an important predator in the intertidal and subtidal ecosystems. At present, there are few taxonomy studies in our country and there are sporadic species description and lack of systems. Taxonomic study and corresponding retrieval table. This paper, based on the collections of the marine biological specimen museum of the Institute of Oceanography of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, combined with relevant literature at home and abroad, studied the classification and geographical distribution characteristics of the Chinese Sea plate family. This paper describes 5 genera and 11 species of the family Sea plate family. This paper describes the morphological characteristics of various genera and passes through the transmission. Combined with the new methods of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and other new methods, 400 species of herbarium species collected from the marine biological specimen museum of the Chinese Academy of sciences are systematically studied, and their living environment and geographical distribution are summarized. The morphological differences and problems in taxonomy are discussed, and all kinds of species are provided as a whole. For the morphological study of the species identification, the morphological study of the Chinese Sea plate taxis supports the separation of the discoloration vehicles from the multi spinous Sea plates into two different sea plates, and the two species of the Chinese sliding sea disc and the Cheung's sliding sea disc. It is considered that the genus coracerus is a species of the sea disc family; it has found a new character characteristic on the dorsal spines. The identification and geographical distribution of the genera and species are summarized, a detailed list is listed, the morphological features are recorded and the form between the genera and the species is discussed. By scanning electron microscopy, the results of a scanning electron microscope are used to make a detailed classification of 4 species of the genus seacilge from the angle of the spine and give a seacilge retrieval table based on the spinous microstructures. The results are as follows: the number of spines in the upper margin of 1. is 2-5, usually up to 4, up to 7; the lower margin of the spine is 1-3, most available. Up to 5... The number of upper marginal spines of the A. amurensis- is usually 1-3 and even 4; the number of the lower marginal spines is usually 1 or 2... 22. upper margin of the proximal wrist is usually 1 and is arranged regularly. The number of upper marginal spines in the middle and end of the larger individual is 2-3, and the base of the proximal wrist of the A. versicolor- is usually not 1. Neatly... 33. back spines are usually more blunt, with obvious longitudinal grooves; upper edge spines, lower edge spines and side step spines are more robust and have obvious grooves... A. Argonauta back spines are relatively short, end round blunt, dense small spines, grooves not obvious; upper edge spines, lower margin spines and side step spines are relatively thin, grooves have no or no obvious... The study of Roche A. rollestoni is the first study on the systematic taxonomy and geographical distribution of the Chinese Sea plate family, clarifies the species composition and distribution characteristics of the sea disc cars, and adds new content to the biodiversity of China's marine organisms. At the same time, the microstructural study was carried out, and the morphological differences of 4 species of the genus Sea plate were clarified, and the morphological study was further supplemented, the identification and the next research work were further added. The following species name of the sea plate in the sea area of China, the type instrument marked "*" in the sea area of Taiwan. Section Family Asteriidae Gray, 1840 (1) sea tray cars belong to Genus Asterias Linnaeus, 17581. coarse blunt sea disk car Asterias Argonauta Djakonov, 19502. multi spiny sea disc car Asterias amurensis Lutken, 18713. Roche sea disk car, 18814. discolored sea disk car, 1889 (2) sliding sea disc vehicle belongs to S Fisher, 19235. Japanese skiing car Aphelasterias japonica Bell, 18816. sliding sea disc car, Aphelasterias changfengyingi Baranova Wu, 1962 (3) long wrist sea disk cars belong to Genus Distolasterias Perrier, 18967. Japanese long wrist sea disc cars, 19028. beautiful long wrist sea disc cars 1. 1 931 (4) coronal starfish belong to Genus Coronaster Perrier, 18859. coronal starfish Coronaster volsellatus Sladen, 188910. cherry pedestal crowns Coronaster sakuranus Doderlein, 1902* (5) sieves are Genus Coscinasterias. 1862
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：Q959

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