本文選題：聲發(fā)射 + 聲源定位　； 參考：《吉林大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：材料的結(jié)構(gòu)損傷較為常見,且在很多情況下會導致設(shè)備的性能降低,甚至帶來安全隱患。聲源定位作為聲發(fā)射技術(shù)的目的之一,在損傷早期可以通過聲源定位發(fā)現(xiàn)受損位置,避免或減少這類事故的發(fā)生。二維板類結(jié)構(gòu)在汽車機身、液體儲罐、航空設(shè)備、壓力容器等各類結(jié)構(gòu)中應用廣泛,但是近些年來一些新型工程材料如纖維增強復合固體材料的使用,傳統(tǒng)的時差法無法實現(xiàn)各向異性二維板類結(jié)構(gòu)的聲發(fā)射源定位,人們對于各向異性材料的聲發(fā)射源定位的研究尚缺少認識。為此,本文開展了不受各向異性限制的基于新三角時差技術(shù)的二維板聲發(fā)射源定位方法研究。本文針對二維板類結(jié)構(gòu),回顧聲發(fā)射發(fā)展歷程,從聲發(fā)射理論知識入手,到波的傳播特性、信號處理和儀器系統(tǒng)等,展開聲發(fā)射源定位方法的研究工作,著重解釋新三角時差技術(shù)的原理和實現(xiàn),并在新三角時差技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)上提出了一種“z”形四探頭的定位方法,不僅具有三角時差技術(shù)不受各向異性的限制、無需知道板內(nèi)聲速分布、快速簡易、傳感器數(shù)量較少的優(yōu)點,同時縮小了定位面積,為工程上聲發(fā)射定位方法提供了一種可行的技術(shù).同時在實驗室進行實驗驗證的過程中,提出利用單通道的脈沖信號發(fā)射接收儀、示波器和2個超聲波傳感器實現(xiàn)聲發(fā)射源定位實驗方法。目前大多數(shù)高校實驗室在大學物理實驗中采取的歸一正方形法、任意平面三角形算法等聲源定位方法,要求定位的二維板必須為各向同性的,且需要提前知道板內(nèi)的波速等信息.實驗通常采用斷鉛進行模擬聲發(fā)射源,用至少4個接收傳感器及多通道采集設(shè)備完成實驗,實驗成本較高,計算過程復雜需要專業(yè)的計算軟件,不適合普及及對物理問題的深入理解。這些問題嚴重制約了聲發(fā)射技術(shù)在板狀結(jié)構(gòu)損傷定位中的深入應用。實驗結(jié)果表明“z”形四探頭技術(shù)和新三角時差技術(shù)都可以快速、較準確的定位出聲源所在位置,新三角時差技術(shù)精確度較高,“z”形四探頭定位技術(shù)占用的面積較小。對于工業(yè)等領(lǐng)域的無損檢測聲發(fā)射定位技術(shù),貢獻了一種應用更為廣泛,不受各向異性限制、需要較少的超聲波傳感器探頭、能夠快速對二維板類聲發(fā)射源定位的方法。
[Abstract]:Structural damage of materials is more common, and in many cases will lead to equipment performance degradation, and even bring safety risks. As one of the aims of acoustic emission technology, sound source location can be detected by sound source location in the early stage of injury to avoid or reduce the occurrence of such accidents. Two-dimensional plate structure is widely used in automobile fuselage, liquid storage tank, aeronautical equipment, pressure vessel and so on. But in recent years, some new engineering materials such as fiber reinforced composite solid materials have been used. The traditional time difference method can not realize the acoustic emission source localization of anisotropic two-dimensional plate structure, but the research on acoustic emission source localization of anisotropic materials is still lack of understanding. In this paper, the localization method of two dimensional plate acoustic emission source based on the new triangular time difference technique without anisotropic constraints is studied in this paper. This paper reviews the development of acoustic emission (AE), starting with the theory of acoustic emission (AE), the characteristics of wave propagation, signal processing and instrument system, etc., in this paper, the research of acoustic emission source location method is carried out. This paper mainly explains the principle and realization of the new triangular time difference technology, and puts forward a "z" shape four-probe positioning method based on the new triangular time difference technology, which has not only the limitation of the anisotropy of the triangular time difference technology. There is no need to know the distribution of sound velocity in the plate, which is fast and simple, and the number of sensors is less. At the same time, the location area is reduced, which provides a feasible technique for acoustic emission localization in engineering. At the same time, in the process of experimental verification in the laboratory, an experimental method of acoustic emission source location using single channel pulse signal transmitter receiver, oscilloscope and two ultrasonic sensors is put forward. At present, most university laboratories adopt the normalized square method, arbitrary plane triangle algorithm and other sound source localization methods, which require the two-dimensional plate to be isotropic. And need to know in advance the wave velocity and other information in the plate. The experiment usually uses lead broken lead to simulate acoustic emission source, and at least 4 receiving sensors and multi-channel acquisition equipment are used to complete the experiment. The cost of the experiment is high and the calculation process is complicated, which requires professional calculation software. It is not suitable for popularization and deep understanding of physical problems. These problems seriously restrict the deep application of acoustic emission technology in plate structure damage location. The experimental results show that both the "z" shape four-probe technique and the new triangular moveout technique can locate the sound source accurately, the accuracy of the new triangular time-difference technique is higher, and the area occupied by the "z" shape four-probe positioning technique is smaller. For the nondestructive testing (NDT) acoustic emission localization technology in industry and other fields, it contributes a more widely used method, which is not restricted by anisotropy, and requires less ultrasonic sensor probe, which can quickly locate the acoustic emission source of two-dimensional plate.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：O42

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