本文選題：纖毛蟲 + 緣毛類�。� 參考：《煙臺大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：纖毛蟲隸屬于原生生物界,纖毛門,是形態(tài)最復(fù)雜和最高等的單細(xì)胞真核生物。纖毛蟲不僅在生態(tài)圈內(nèi)的能量傳遞過程中起著重要的作用,同時(shí)也是微食物網(wǎng)的重要組成部分。纖毛蟲作為一種良好的模式生物被廣泛應(yīng)用于細(xì)胞生物學(xué)、分子生物學(xué)、和分子系統(tǒng)學(xué)等科學(xué)領(lǐng)域中,且在生物的起源與進(jìn)化等方向上具有獨(dú)特的研究地位。本研究以固著緣毛類纖毛蟲為研究對象,通過多基因(核糖體小亞基基因SSU rDNA,ITS1-5.8S-ITS2轉(zhuǎn)錄間隔區(qū)基因,核糖體大亞基基因LSU rDNA)測序,進(jìn)行了相關(guān)的分子系統(tǒng)學(xué)研究,分析固著目緣毛類纖毛蟲部分類群的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系,并建立了一個(gè)新種。主要研究成果如下:1.共新測得68條序列,包括31條SSU rDNA序列,21條ITS1-5.8S-ITS2轉(zhuǎn)錄區(qū)序列,16條LSU rDNA序列,涉及4個(gè)科,6個(gè)屬,32個(gè)種。所有序列已提交至GenBank數(shù)據(jù)庫,文章發(fā)表后可釋放。2.利用蛋白銀染色結(jié)合分子測序的鑒定方法建立了一個(gè)新種。主要研究結(jié)論為:1.分析系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹后得出進(jìn)化假設(shè)和觀點(diǎn):(1)在聚縮蟲科中,聚縮蟲屬是祖先型,完整分布的肌絲是祖征;(2)裂肌蟲屬以及累枝蟲屬都是由聚縮蟲屬的肌絲基因的不表達(dá)或不完全表達(dá)進(jìn)化而來,擬聚縮蟲屬也是由聚縮蟲屬進(jìn)化而來;(3)累枝蟲科是多源進(jìn)化的,在基部進(jìn)化枝的累枝蟲科纖毛蟲應(yīng)是固著緣毛類的祖先型;(4)鞘居蟲科是單源發(fā)生的,且應(yīng)是固著緣毛類的一種祖先種;(5)如果要研究更準(zhǔn)確的緣毛類纖毛蟲進(jìn)化史,則需要有包含更多更完整的多基因序列的數(shù)據(jù)集。2.建立一個(gè)新種——鹽靴纖蟲Cothurnia salina。形態(tài)學(xué)定義描述如下:蟲體為細(xì)長的柱形,大小80~98×12~19μm。殼室筒狀,底部為雙層結(jié)構(gòu)。柄極短,約?在殼室內(nèi)。大核呈蠕蟲狀,縱向排列。一個(gè)伸縮泡位于腹位。蟲體表膜有明顯的橫紋,從反口纖毛環(huán)到口圍緣有62~73條,從反口纖毛環(huán)到帚胚有32~38條。第3小膜由兩列相互平行近等長的動基列組成,動基列下端終止于小膜1和小膜2之間。超鹽水種(鹽度120‰)。本研究首次完成對固著緣毛類內(nèi)部系統(tǒng)地位不明確的纖毛蟲之間的分子系統(tǒng)學(xué)分析,并完善了GenBank中該類群的分子數(shù)據(jù)庫;首次用現(xiàn)代分類學(xué)方法完整研究并報(bào)道了一種靴纖蟲屬纖毛蟲,增加了該屬的物種多樣性及分子數(shù)據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Ciliates belong to protozoa and cilium phylum. They are the most complex and advanced unicellular eukaryotes. Ciliates not only play an important role in the energy transfer in the ecosphere, but also play an important role in the microfood web. Ciliates, as a good model organism, have been widely used in cell biology, molecular systematics and other scientific fields, and have a unique position in the origin and evolution of organisms. In this study, the molecular phylogeny of ciliate ciliates was studied by sequencing polygenes (ribosomal small subunit gene SSU rDNA-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 transcriptional spacer gene, ribosomal large subunit gene LSU rDNA). The phylogenetic relationship of some groups of ciliates was analyzed and a new species was established. The main research results are as follows: 1. A total of 68 new sequences were obtained, including 31 SSU rDNA sequences, 21 ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 transcriptional region sequences and 16 LSU rDNA sequences, involving 32 species, 6 genera and 4 families. All the sequences were submitted to the GenBank database and released after the article was published. A new species was established by using the method of protein silver staining and molecular sequencing. The main conclusion is: 1: 1. After analyzing the phylogenetic tree, the evolutionary hypothesis and viewpoint were obtained. (1) in the family of pyramidaceae, the genus pyrola is an ancestral type. The complete distribution of myofilms is Echinotrichidae 2) and the genus Cladosporus evolved from the non-expression or incomplete expression of the myofilament genes of the genus Polycystis, and the genus Polycystis was evolved from the genus Polycystis, and the family Cladosporidae evolved from multiple sources. If we want to study the evolution history of ciliates more accurately, they should be the ancestral type of ciliates that are fixed at the base of their branches. (4) the sphingophoraceae is a monogeny, and it should be an ancestor species of the family Ciliformis, which is fixed on the fringes, if we want to study the evolution history of ciliates more accurately. A data set containing more complete polygenic sequences. 2. 2. A new species, Cothurnia salinina, was established. The morphological description is as follows: the insect is a slender column with a size of 80 ~ 98 脳 12 ~ (19) 渭 m. The shell chamber is cylindrical and the bottom is a double-layer structure. The handle is very short, about? In the shell room. The large nuclei are wormlike and arranged longitudinally. A telescopic bubble is located in the abdomen. There were obvious transverse lines on the surface membrane of the insect, with 622 ciliates from the reactile cilium to the perioral rim, and 32, 38 from the reactile ciliate ring to the broom embryo. The third membrane consists of two parallel and nearly equal length moving bases, the lower end of the moving base terminates between the small membrane 1 and the small membrane 2. Superbrine species (salinity 120 鈥，

本文編號：2042997