本文選題：巖溶水循環(huán) + 地下水年齡��； 參考：《中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：西山巖溶水系統(tǒng)對(duì)北京平原區(qū)地表水和第四系孔隙水具有重要的調(diào)控功能。巖溶水具有水質(zhì)優(yōu)良、開發(fā)潛力大的特點(diǎn),在當(dāng)前地下水資源過度開采情況下,西山巖溶水系統(tǒng)功能存在減弱趨勢(shì)。目前,關(guān)于西山巖溶水的循環(huán)特征有不同認(rèn)識(shí),但其可更新能力的研究相對(duì)較少。本文在野外調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上,采用同位素法、水化學(xué)法和傳統(tǒng)水文地質(zhì)法,對(duì)西山巖溶水系統(tǒng)循環(huán)特征和可更新能力進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),為西山巖溶水的合理開發(fā)利用和科學(xué)管理提供依據(jù)。通過分析,得到以下認(rèn)識(shí):研究區(qū)第四系地下水在永豐屯地區(qū)具有TDS、pH及各離子濃度低,水化學(xué)類型簡(jiǎn)單的特征,石景山則與之相反。巖溶水Sr2+濃度沿著流向呈逐漸增大的變化趨勢(shì),水化學(xué)類型則由復(fù)雜變得單一;潭柘寺、軍莊補(bǔ)給區(qū)巖溶水化學(xué)類型相對(duì)復(fù)雜,沿著巖溶水流向,在四季青、玉泉山地區(qū)水化學(xué)類型變?yōu)閱我坏腍CO_3-Ca·Mg型水。研究區(qū)地表水、第四系地下水、巖溶地下水主要接受大氣降水補(bǔ)給,且地表水、第四地下水受到蒸發(fā)作用影響強(qiáng)烈。潭柘寺地區(qū)巖溶水補(bǔ)給來(lái)源為大氣降水,軍莊巖溶水除了接受大氣降水補(bǔ)給外,還受到大量河水滲漏補(bǔ)給,滲漏河水所占比例大于50%的巖溶水占統(tǒng)計(jì)巖溶水的68%,導(dǎo)致巖溶水中嚴(yán)重富集18O。利用同位素、水化學(xué)和水位地質(zhì)資料揭示了西山巖溶水系統(tǒng)的的循環(huán)特征。巖溶地下水在潭柘寺、軍莊地區(qū)接受補(bǔ)給后,分別沿著八寶山斷裂、永定河斷裂和白家疃斷裂徑流,最終在海淀背斜、四季青排泄。此外,不同補(bǔ)給區(qū)巖溶水的徑流速度不同,由快至慢為:潭柘寺補(bǔ)給區(qū)徑流速度永定河滲漏水徑流速度軍莊補(bǔ)給區(qū)(降水補(bǔ)給)徑流速度。~3H、CFCs、~(14)C年齡表明,西山地區(qū)巖溶水是新水與老水的混合,年齡在3~2945年之間,但是整體上以小于30年為主,反映了西山巖溶水系統(tǒng)可更新能力強(qiáng)。山區(qū)巖溶水的可更新能力強(qiáng)于平原,從補(bǔ)給區(qū)到排泄區(qū),地下水年齡增大,可更新能力逐漸減弱。潭柘寺補(bǔ)給區(qū)巖溶水的平均年齡小于軍莊,地下水循環(huán)條件最好,可更新能力最強(qiáng)。
[Abstract]:Xishan karst water system plays an important role in regulating surface water and Quaternary pore water in Beijing plain. Karst water has the characteristics of excellent water quality and great potential for exploitation. Under the condition of over-exploitation of groundwater resources, the function of karst water system in Xishan is weakening. At present, there are different understandings about the circulation characteristics of karst water in Xishan, but there are few researches on its renewable ability. On the basis of field investigation, the circulation characteristics and renewable ability of karst water system in Xishan are evaluated by isotope method, hydrochemical method and traditional hydrogeological method. It provides the basis for rational development and utilization and scientific management of karst water in Xishan. The results show that the Quaternary groundwater in Yongfengtun area is characterized by low TDS pH, low ion concentration and simple hydrochemical types, whereas Shijingshan is the opposite. The concentration of Sr _ 2 in karst water increases gradually along the flow direction, and the hydrochemical type changes from complexity to singularity, while the chemical types of karst water in Tanzhe Temple, Junzhuang recharge area are relatively complex, flowing along the direction of karst water in Sijiqing, China. The hydrochemical type of Yuquanshan area is changed into a single HCO 3-Ca mg type water. Surface water, Quaternary groundwater, karst groundwater are mainly recharged by atmospheric precipitation, and surface water, the fourth groundwater is strongly affected by evaporation. The source of karst water recharge in Tanzhe Temple area is atmospheric precipitation. In addition to receiving precipitation recharge, Junzhuang karst water is also recharged by a large amount of river water leakage. More than 50% of karst water accounts for 68% of statistical karst water, which leads to serious enrichment of 18 O in karst water. The circulation characteristics of karst water system in Xishan are revealed by using isotopic, hydrochemical and water level geological data. After being recharged in Tanzhe Temple, Junzhuang area, karst groundwater flows along the Babaoshan fault, Yongding River fault and Baijiatuan fault respectively, and eventually drained in Haidian anticline and Sijiqing. In addition, the runoff velocity of karst water in different recharge areas is different, from fast to slow is: Yongding River leakage runoff speed, Junzhuang recharge area (precipitation recharge) runoff velocity. Karst water in Xishan area is a mixture of new water and old water, aged from 3 to 2945 years, but the whole karst water system is mainly less than 30 years, which reflects the strong renewable ability of karst water system in Xishan area. The renewable ability of karst water in mountainous area is stronger than that in plain, from recharge area to discharge area, groundwater age increases and the renewable ability weakens gradually. The average age of karst water in Tanzhe Temple recharge area is smaller than that in Junzhuang.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P641.134

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