發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-18 07:14

  本文選題：姬鼠 + 線(xiàn)粒體基因�。� 參考：《中國(guó)疾病預(yù)防控制中心》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：姬鼠屬(Apodemus)是嚙齒目動(dòng)物中分布廣泛、種類(lèi)繁多的一種動(dòng)物類(lèi)群。這類(lèi)小型獸類(lèi)在在中國(guó)絕大部分省份均有分布,在小型哺乳動(dòng)物群落中他們占領(lǐng)的生態(tài)位大小和個(gè)體數(shù)量上均具有顯著優(yōu)勢(shì),而且這些物種是多種動(dòng)物源致病因子的野外宿主和媒介。然而,關(guān)于姬鼠屬的分類(lèi)和各種的分布情況存在許多疑問(wèn)。中國(guó)已知種類(lèi)及分布概況亦亟待修訂。本研究對(duì)來(lái)自于中國(guó)疾病預(yù)防控制中心傳染病所媒介控制室與中國(guó)科學(xué)院動(dòng)物研究所的1206份姬鼠屬樣本進(jìn)行線(xiàn)粒體基因(COI,Dloop,Cytb)和核基因(IRBP)進(jìn)行測(cè)序并開(kāi)展系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化分析。在本研究中,首先通過(guò)對(duì)119份中國(guó)姬鼠屬代表樣本的線(xiàn)粒體COI基因測(cè)序,利用DNA條形碼技術(shù)進(jìn)行種類(lèi)的鑒定并采用鄰接法建立系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹(shù),結(jié)果表明,我國(guó)(大陸)目前存在至少8種姬鼠屬種類(lèi),分別是黑線(xiàn)姬鼠(A.agrarius)、大耳姬鼠(A.latronum)、朝鮮姬鼠(A.peninsulae)、齊氏姬鼠(A.chevrier)、瀾滄江姬鼠(A.ilex),烏拉爾姬鼠(A.uralensis)和中華姬鼠(A.draco),還發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)來(lái)自于貴州省梵凈山的姬鼠未定種(an undefined species)。此外根據(jù)此部分結(jié)果繪制了中國(guó)姬鼠屬種類(lèi)的分布圖,并就各種的地理分布展開(kāi)討論。其次,繼續(xù)對(duì)其他樣本的線(xiàn)粒體Cytb基因擴(kuò)增測(cè)序,序列分析,與Genbank中的姬鼠序列一同分析,并采用貝葉斯法構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹(shù)分析全球姬鼠屬種類(lèi)的系統(tǒng)關(guān)系。此外,就中華姬鼠、瀾滄江姬鼠、姬鼠未定種以及黑線(xiàn)姬鼠、齊氏姬鼠分兩組重建單倍型網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖,具體分析這幾個(gè)親緣關(guān)系較近的種間關(guān)系和動(dòng)物地理關(guān)系。除此之外,基于線(xiàn)粒體Cytb基因的系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化樹(shù)分支情況,選出具有代表性的162份樣本基于另外的基因片段(IRBP和Dloop)進(jìn)行擴(kuò)增,分別針對(duì)核基因構(gòu)建貝葉斯系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹(shù),同時(shí)針對(duì)線(xiàn)粒體聯(lián)合基因(COI、Cytb和Dloop)基于BEAST法重建各姬鼠種的分化時(shí)間樹(shù),查看及比較各種的分化時(shí)間,綜合分析中國(guó)姬鼠種類(lèi)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明,核基因與線(xiàn)粒體基因在鼠種的分類(lèi)情況上呈現(xiàn)出一致性,確認(rèn)上述8個(gè)姬鼠種均為有效種,包括瀾滄江姬鼠和貴州省梵凈山地區(qū)的姬鼠未定種。這些種類(lèi)分別屬于姬鼠屬的三個(gè)大的分支,其中烏拉爾姬鼠與中亞、歐洲的姬鼠種類(lèi)聚為一個(gè)分支;黑線(xiàn)姬鼠、齊氏姬鼠和朝鮮姬鼠則與分布于東亞的姬鼠種類(lèi)聚為一個(gè)分支;余下的中華姬鼠、瀾滄江姬鼠、大耳姬鼠和未定種形成一個(gè)分支。另外,本次研究的樣本中未涉及喜馬拉雅姬鼠和臺(tái)灣姬鼠中,臺(tái)灣姬鼠僅存在于中國(guó)臺(tái)灣,而喜馬拉雅姬鼠的有效分類(lèi)地位還需進(jìn)一步證實(shí)。就分化時(shí)間而言,整個(gè)中國(guó)姬鼠屬分化時(shí)間可追溯到10.14Ma,烏拉爾姬鼠為最早分化的姬鼠種類(lèi),可追溯到9.04Ma。齊氏姬鼠與黑線(xiàn)姬鼠的分化時(shí)間為2.15Ma,瀾滄江姬鼠與中華姬鼠的的分化時(shí)間在2.48Ma,而貴州省梵凈山的姬鼠未定種早在3.68Ma發(fā)生分化。
[Abstract]:Apodemus (Apodemus) is a large group of rodents. These small mammals are distributed in most of China's provinces and have significant advantages in niche size and individual numbers in small mammal communities. Moreover, these species are field hosts and vectors of many animal pathogenic factors. However, there are many questions about the taxonomy and distribution of the genus Apodemus. The general situation of known species and distribution in China is also in urgent need of revision. In this study, 1206 Apodemus samples from the Vector Control Room of Infectious Diseases Institute of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Control and Institute of Zoology of Chinese Academy of Sciences were sequenced and phylogenetic analysis was carried out. In this study, the mitochondrial COI gene of 119 representative samples of Apodemus was sequenced, the species was identified by DNA barcode technique and phylogenetic tree was established by the method of contiguity. There are at least 8 species of Apodemus in China. Apodemus agrariusa, A. latronumus, A. peninsulaeus, A. chevrierus, A. Uralensis and A. dracoensis, respectively, and A. dracoensis, Apodemus sinensis, were also found to be an undefined speciesus from Fanjing Mountain, Guizhou Province. In addition, the distribution map of the genus Apodemus in China is drawn according to the results, and the geographical distribution of the genus Apodemus is discussed. Secondly, we continue to amplify and sequence the mitochondrial Cytb gene from other samples, analyze the sequence together with the Apodemus in Genbank, and construct a phylogenetic tree to analyze the phylogenetic relationship of Apodemus species in the world. In addition, the haplotype network of Apodemus sinensis, Apodemus agrarius, Apodemus agrarius and Apodemus Qi were reconstructed in two groups. In addition, based on the branch of phylogenetic tree of mitochondrial Cytb gene, 162 representative samples were selected and amplified based on other gene fragments, IRBP and Dloop. the Bayesian phylogenetic tree was constructed for nuclear genes, respectively. At the same time, the differentiation time tree of Apodemus agrarius was reconstructed based on the method of fast, and the phylogenetic relationship of Apodemus sinensis species in China was analyzed synthetically by analyzing the phylogenetic relationship of Apodemus sinensis species based on the mitochondrial associated gene COICytb and Dloop-based method. The results showed that nuclear gene and mitochondrial gene were consistent in the classification of mouse species. The above 8 species were confirmed as effective species, including Apodemus sinensis in Lancang River and Apodemus agrarius in Fanjingshan, Guizhou Province. These species belong to three branches of the genus Apodemus, among which the Ural Apodemus and Central Asia, the European Apodemus species are clustered into one branch, the Apodemus agrarius, Apodemus chizyzia and the Korean Apodemus belong to the same branch with the Apodemus species distributed in East Asia. The remaining Apodemus sinensis, Apodemus Lancang, Apodemus macrophylla and undetermined species form a branch. In addition, no Himalayan and Taiwan Apodemus were included in the sample, which only existed in Taiwan, China. However, the effective taxonomic status of the Himalayan Apodemus needs to be further confirmed. In terms of differentiation time, the differentiation time of Apodemus in China can be traced back to 10.14 Ma.The Ural Apodemus is the earliest differentiated Apodemus species, which can be traced back to 9.04 Ma. The differentiation time between Apodemus Qizi and Apodemus agrarius was 2.15 Ma. the differentiation time between Apodemus sinensis and Apodemus sinensis was 2.48 Ma. but the undetermined species of Apodemus sinensis in Fanjingshan, Guizhou Province, occurred as early as 3.68 Ma.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)疾病預(yù)防控制中心
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：Q959

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