本文選題：上海 + 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)功能��； 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：傳粉是生態(tài)系統(tǒng)不可或缺的一項重要服務(wù)功能,而在全球有超過80%的被子植物需要通過昆蟲進行傳粉,昆蟲傳粉是生態(tài)系統(tǒng)傳粉服務(wù)功能中極其重要的組成部分。近年來研究表明,全球多個地區(qū)中野生傳粉昆蟲的多樣性和數(shù)量都在快速下降,這對當(dāng)?shù)匾吧参锒鄻有�、農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量甚至生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定都造成了巨大威脅。我國目前對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)傳粉服務(wù)功能的研究較少,傳粉服務(wù)功能的價值和意義尚未應(yīng)有的重視,這顯然不利于保護傳粉昆蟲和利用昆蟲傳粉服務(wù)功能。而對大都市區(qū)昆蟲傳粉服務(wù)功能的研究基本缺乏,亟待加強。本文在分析國內(nèi)外昆蟲傳粉服務(wù)功能相關(guān)研究的基礎(chǔ)上,利用昆蟲傳粉依賴性估價法及InVEST模型對上海市農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)昆蟲傳粉服務(wù)功能和崇明島野生蜜蜂傳粉服務(wù)功能進行了評價和模擬,主要結(jié)果如下:(1)上海市昆蟲傳粉服務(wù)功能具有巨大的經(jīng)濟價值,2014年的經(jīng)濟價值達到32.3億元人民幣,但年增長緩慢;昆蟲傳粉服務(wù)功能對上海市農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)提供的價值主要來源于西甜瓜等5種農(nóng)作物,上海市種植的蜜源作物種類較少;上海市種植農(nóng)作物對于昆蟲傳粉服務(wù)的依賴程度有降低的趨勢,昆蟲的筑巢環(huán)境和食物來源面臨威脅。(2)崇明島不同農(nóng)田區(qū)域的野生蜜蜂豐度差別較大,全島中西部農(nóng)田和森林是野生蜜蜂平均豐度最高的區(qū)域,島嶼東部和邊界附近農(nóng)田的野生蜜蜂平均豐度較低。不同區(qū)域的農(nóng)田應(yīng)根據(jù)不同區(qū)域的野生蜜蜂豐度情況分別實施保護野生蜜蜂生境,創(chuàng)造適宜野生蜜蜂生境和改造用地類型等不同的發(fā)展策略。同時,應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)崇明島的野生蜜蜂豐度格局制定長期的農(nóng)作物種植計劃。(3)上海市農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)對昆蟲傳粉服務(wù)功能有一定的使用,但是并未對昆蟲傳粉服務(wù)功能提供足夠的重視,沒有意識到昆蟲傳粉服務(wù)功能所具有的重要意義和價值。昆蟲傳粉服務(wù)功能在上海市農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的使用仍有較大的發(fā)展空間,上海市應(yīng)當(dāng)充分運用昆蟲所能提供的傳粉服務(wù),進一步發(fā)展都市型現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)。研究結(jié)果不僅能夠為上海市農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)及野生蜜蜂資源和傳粉功能保護提供科學(xué)依據(jù),也可為我國其他區(qū)域?qū)ハx傳粉服務(wù)功能的研究提供參考。
[Abstract]:Pollination is an indispensable and important service function of ecosystem, and more than 80% of angiosperms need pollination through insects in the world. Insect pollination is an extremely important part of ecosystem pollination service function. Recent studies have shown that the diversity and number of wild pollinators in many regions of the world are declining rapidly, which poses a great threat to the diversity of local wild plants, crop yields and even the stability of ecosystems. There are few researches on the pollination service function of ecosystem in China, and the value and significance of the pollination service function have not been paid enough attention, which is obviously not conducive to the protection of pollination insects and the utilization of pollination service function of insects. However, the study of insect pollination service function in metropolitan area is lacking and needs to be strengthened. On the basis of analyzing the related research of insect pollination service function at home and abroad, The insect pollination service function of Shanghai Agroecosystem and the wild bee pollination service function of Chongming Island were evaluated and simulated by using the evaluation method of insect pollination dependence and InVEST model. The main results are as follows: (1) the function of insect pollination in Shanghai has great economic value, the economic value of 2014 reached 3.23 billion yuan, but the annual growth was slow; The value of insect pollination service to the agricultural ecosystem of Shanghai mainly comes from five kinds of crops, such as muskmelon, etc. The degree of dependence of planting crops on insect pollination service in Shanghai is decreasing, and insect nesting environment and food source are threatened. (2) the abundance of wild bees in different farmland areas of Chongming Island is quite different. The average abundance of wild bees is the highest in the farmland and forest of the central and western part of the island, and the average abundance of wild bees is lower in the eastern part of the island and the farmland near the border. According to the abundance of wild bees in different regions, different development strategies should be carried out to protect the habitats of wild bees, to create suitable habitats for wild bees and to change the land types. At the same time, according to the pattern of wild bees abundance in Chongming Island, a long-term crop planting plan should be formulated.) the agricultural ecosystem of Shanghai should have a certain use of insect pollination service function. However, the function of insect pollination service has not been paid enough attention to, and the importance and value of insect pollination service function have not been realized. The application of insect pollination service in the agricultural ecosystem of Shanghai still has a great space for development. Shanghai should make full use of the pollination service provided by insects to further develop urban modern agriculture. The results can not only provide scientific basis for the protection of Agroecosystem and wild bee resources and pollination function in Shanghai, but also provide a reference for the study of insect pollination service function in other regions of China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S186

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