本文選題：蜜蜂 + 飲蜜�。� 參考：《中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著微流體技術(shù)的應(yīng)用與發(fā)展,對新型微流體驅(qū)動與控制技術(shù)的研究非常必要。蜜蜂作為具嚼吸式口器的典型昆蟲,其飲蜜機理可能為高濃/粘度微流體傳輸裝置提供新的設(shè)計參考。早在上世紀50年代,蜜蜂口器構(gòu)造以及飲蜜機理就受到了學(xué)者廣泛關(guān)注,但是由于觀測精度與攝影技術(shù)限制等諸多問題,尚未從口器結(jié)構(gòu)以及運動學(xué)行為角度系統(tǒng)地揭示蜜蜂飲蜜機理。本文以蜜蜂中唇舌為研究對象,研究了蜜蜂中唇舌微觀結(jié)構(gòu)、飲蜜過程中中唇舌運動與機理以及仿中唇舌柔順機構(gòu)設(shè)計等關(guān)鍵問題。通過SEM和TEM等微觀表征技術(shù),觀察了清晰的中唇舌結(jié)構(gòu)。中唇舌表面形貌為具剛毛、多分節(jié)的柔性桿狀結(jié)構(gòu),其背側(cè)和腹側(cè)均存在凹槽且凹槽被細小的剛毛覆蓋。中唇舌由內(nèi)部彈性柔桿和外部較堅硬的鞘組成,內(nèi)部無肌肉及其他驅(qū)動類結(jié)構(gòu),但是在柔桿的末端附著著兩條收縮肌。利用高速攝像系統(tǒng),揭示了蜜蜂飲蜜運動學(xué)規(guī)律。在飲蜜過程中,蜜蜂通過中唇舌不斷地伸出與回縮將液體運輸?shù)娇谄鲀?nèi)部。通過側(cè)視觀察,發(fā)現(xiàn)中唇舌剛毛異步直豎規(guī)律,在飲蜜過程中,其基部剛毛較端部剛毛會先直豎,且其角度較大;通過俯視觀察,發(fā)現(xiàn)中唇舌伸長與剛毛直豎的同步進行規(guī)律,并進行死體拉伸試驗證明了該規(guī)律的正確性。從飲蜜效率角度出發(fā),建立了剛毛泄漏率計算模型,中唇舌能推動夾帶在剛毛中間的溶液進入口中;建立了飲蜜速率模型和剛毛直豎異步規(guī)律模型,分析了剛毛直豎對飲蜜速率的增益以及剛毛異步直豎的節(jié)能作用。在機構(gòu)運動學(xué)角度,通過解剖及SEM進一步觀察了中唇舌分節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu),建立了中唇舌分節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)模型,采用偽剛體法分析了該柔順機構(gòu),闡明了剛毛直豎機理。中唇舌分節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)呈波浪形,各節(jié)類似于柔性搖桿滑塊機構(gòu),節(jié)間褶在剛毛運動時能儲存彈性勢能,該能量是剛毛直豎的驅(qū)動。建立了仿中唇舌兩柔性桿搖桿滑塊模型,采用偽剛體模型法對模型進行了分析,并基于相應(yīng)的分析結(jié)果給出了此類機構(gòu)的設(shè)計方法。該方法可得到滿足驅(qū)動力和彈性勢能儲存能力等要求的機構(gòu)。
[Abstract]:With the application and development of micro fluid technology, it is necessary to study the new micro fluid drive and control technology. Bee as a typical insect with chewing and sucking mouthpiece, its honey drinking mechanism may provide a new design reference for high concentration / viscosity microfluid transport device. As early as the 1950s, the honeybee mouthpiece structure and the mechanism of honey drinking received extensive attention of scholars, but due to the observation accuracy and photography technology limitations and many other problems. The mechanism of honeybee honey drinking has not been systematically revealed in terms of mouthpiece structure and kinematic behavior. In this paper, the microstructures of lips and tongue in bees, the movement and mechanism of lips and tongue during honey drinking, and the design of supple mechanism of lips and tongue in imitation are studied. The structure of middle lip and tongue was observed by SEM and TEM techniques. The surface morphology of the middle lip and tongue is bristled and multi-segmented flexible rod-like structure. There are grooves in the dorsal and ventral sides and the grooves are covered by fine bristles. The middle lip and tongue are composed of the inner elastic flexible rod and the outer hard sheath. There is no muscle and other driving structure inside, but there are two contractile muscles attached to the end of the flexible rod. The kinematics of honeybee honey drinking was revealed by using a high speed camera system. In the process of drinking honey, the bee carries the liquid into the mouthpiece by constantly protruding and retracting the tongue. Through side observation, it was found that the bristles of middle lip and tongue were erect asynchronously and vertically. In the process of drinking honey, the bristles at the base of the bristles were erect first than the bristles at the end, and their angles were larger. By looking down, we found that the lengthening of the middle lip and tongue and the synchronization of the erect bristles with the bristles were carried out at the same time. The validity of the rule is proved by the dead body tensile test. From the point of view of honey drinking efficiency, a model for calculating the setae leakage rate is established, in which the medium lip and tongue can push the solution entrained in the middle of the bristles into the mouth, and the model of the rate of honey drinking and the model of the vertical asynchronous rule of bristles are established. The gain of bristles on honey drinking rate and the energy saving effect of bristles are analyzed. From the kinematics point of view, the middle lip and tongue segmental structure was further observed by dissection and SEM, and the model of the middle lip and tongue segment structure was established. The mechanism of bristles erect was analyzed by pseudo-rigid body method. The structure of the middle lip and tongue is wavy, and each node is similar to the flexible rocker slider mechanism. The internode fold can store the elastic potential energy when the bristles move, which is driven by the vertical bristles. In this paper, a slider model of two flexible bars is established, and the pseudo-rigid body model is used to analyze the model. Based on the corresponding analysis results, the design method of this kind of mechanism is given. This method can obtain the mechanism which meets the requirements of driving force and elastic potential energy storage ability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：Q811;TH112
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本文編號：1862665