本文選題：蘆葦 + 發(fā)育階段　； 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：植物對(duì)昆蟲(chóng)取食的防御響應(yīng),使植物能夠更靈活地實(shí)現(xiàn)防御-生長(zhǎng)繁殖的能量分配和權(quán)衡。植物代謝物組成和水平變化在植物-昆蟲(chóng)相互作用中扮演重要角色,利用代謝組學(xué)方法研究植物代謝物對(duì)昆蟲(chóng)取食的響應(yīng),以揭示植物對(duì)昆蟲(chóng)的防御響應(yīng)策略及影響因素是當(dāng)前研究的重點(diǎn)方向。基于氣相色譜質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用(GC/MS)技術(shù),本論文對(duì)濕地重要植物蘆葦Phragmitesaustralis(Cav.)Trin.ex Steud的代謝組學(xué)分析方法進(jìn)行探討,研究了蘆葦對(duì)其上重要的植食性昆蟲(chóng)蘆毒蛾Laelia coenosa(Hiibner)和大狹長(zhǎng)蝽Dimorphopteruspallipes(Distant)取食和取食壓力變化的代謝響應(yīng),以及不同發(fā)育階段的響應(yīng)差異。研究結(jié)果如下:1.不同干燥方法對(duì)蘆葦代謝組學(xué)分析的影響基于氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用(GC/MS)技術(shù),以超低溫冷藏為對(duì)照,分析了真空冷凍干燥、45 ℃烘干和硅膠干燥處理對(duì)蘆葦葉、莖和根組織樣品代謝組學(xué)分析結(jié)果的影響。結(jié)果表明真空冷凍干燥對(duì)樣品的影響最小,只對(duì)葉樣品中的一些代謝物產(chǎn)生顯著影響,但不會(huì)對(duì)根莖樣品中代謝物組成產(chǎn)生顯著影響。而45 ℃烘干和硅膠干燥對(duì)蘆葦不同組織樣品代謝物組成影響均較大。因此真空冷凍干燥是更適合蘆葦代謝組學(xué)研究樣品的干燥處理方法。2.蘆葦對(duì)不同昆蟲(chóng)取食壓力變化的代謝響應(yīng)通過(guò)取食實(shí)驗(yàn),研究了蘆毒蛾和大狹長(zhǎng)蝽不同取食壓力對(duì)蘆葦葉、莖、根代謝組的影響及交互作用。結(jié)果表明蘆葦代謝組對(duì)兩種昆蟲(chóng)取食壓力變化的響應(yīng)具有組織特異性,蘆葦葉代謝組的響應(yīng)較莖和根代謝組的響應(yīng)更為敏感。此外,兩種昆蟲(chóng)共同取食處理的蘆葦組織與兩種昆蟲(chóng)單獨(dú)取食處理的蘆葦組織具有不同的代謝組結(jié)構(gòu),但僅在高取食壓力下差異明顯。進(jìn)一步的代謝物含量變化分析表明,兩種昆蟲(chóng)取食對(duì)蘆葦組織中的糖類(lèi)、氨基酸、脂類(lèi)和有機(jī)酸等多種代謝物產(chǎn)生了顯著影響。一些代謝物對(duì)昆蟲(chóng)取食的響應(yīng)與所處的植物組織有關(guān),也具有一定的昆蟲(chóng)物種特異性。兩種昆蟲(chóng)取食對(duì)一些代謝物的影響可表現(xiàn)出拮抗、協(xié)同的相互作用,并且與取食壓力相關(guān),在高取食壓力下交互作用顯著,而在低取食壓力下交互作用不顯著。這與代謝組響應(yīng)的分析結(jié)果較為一致。不同取食壓力下,蘆葦代謝物在不同組織的合成和運(yùn)輸分配的改變,可能是導(dǎo)致上述現(xiàn)象的重要原因。3.蘆葦不同發(fā)育階段對(duì)昆蟲(chóng)取食的響應(yīng)策略通過(guò)取食實(shí)驗(yàn),研究了幼年期和成熟期蘆葦?shù)娜~、莖和根組織對(duì)蘆毒蛾和大狹長(zhǎng)蝽高、低取食壓力處理的代謝響應(yīng)。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),相比幼年期,成熟期蘆葦葉和莖對(duì)昆蟲(chóng)取食的代謝響應(yīng)明顯減弱,但根的響應(yīng)略有提高。在受到兩種昆蟲(chóng)取食后,幼年期蘆葦更偏好提高葉組織的糖類(lèi)和氨基酸含量,而成熟期蘆葦則會(huì)提高根莖中糖類(lèi)含量。該結(jié)果表明不同發(fā)育階段蘆葦對(duì)昆蟲(chóng)取食具有不同的響應(yīng)策略。研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),不同發(fā)育階段蘆葦?shù)拇x物對(duì)昆蟲(chóng)取食壓力變化的響應(yīng)存在相反和不同的趨勢(shì)。這進(jìn)一步證實(shí)了,昆蟲(chóng)取食對(duì)蘆葦不同發(fā)育階段不同組織代謝物的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)、分配和合成具有重要影響。4.取食誘導(dǎo)的蘆葦代謝響應(yīng)對(duì)昆蟲(chóng)發(fā)育的影響研究了蘆毒蛾和大狹長(zhǎng)蝽取食誘導(dǎo)的蘆葦代謝響應(yīng)對(duì)隨后取食幼蟲(chóng)發(fā)育的影響。結(jié)果顯示,經(jīng)蘆毒蛾和大狹長(zhǎng)蝽取食過(guò)后的蘆葦飼喂幼蟲(chóng),對(duì)這兩種昆蟲(chóng)幼蟲(chóng)和若蟲(chóng)的發(fā)育可能具有不同的影響,但未達(dá)顯著性水平。蘆毒蛾取食誘導(dǎo)的蘆葦響應(yīng),對(duì)其幼蟲(chóng)體重增加和生長(zhǎng)速率具有不利影響,而大狹長(zhǎng)蝽取食誘導(dǎo)的蘆葦響應(yīng),對(duì)其若蟲(chóng)體重的增加甚至有積極的影響。這表明昆蟲(chóng)取食誘導(dǎo)的蘆葦代謝響應(yīng),對(duì)蘆葦-昆蟲(chóng)相互作用的影響可能較為復(fù)雜,應(yīng)做進(jìn)一步研究。綜上所述,論文研究結(jié)果揭示了不同發(fā)育階段蘆葦對(duì)不同昆蟲(chóng)取食和取食壓力變化的代謝響應(yīng),可為昆蟲(chóng)取食誘導(dǎo)的植物防御研究提供重要的參考,同時(shí)也為植物代謝組學(xué)在植物-昆蟲(chóng)相互作用研究中的運(yùn)用起到促進(jìn)作用。
[Abstract]:The defense response of plants to the feeding of insects so that plants can more flexibly realize the energy distribution and balance of growth and reproduction. Plant metabolites and level changes play an important role in plant insect interactions, and study the response of plant metabolites to the feeding of the insect by metabonomics to reveal plants to insects. The defense response strategy and the influencing factors are the key points of the current research. Based on the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) technology, this paper deals with the metabolic analysis method of reed Phragmitesaustralis (Cav.) Trin.ex Steud, the important plant of wetland, and studies the important phytophagous insect of reed, Laelia coenosa (Hiibn). Er) and the metabolic responses of the Dimorphopteruspallipes (Distant) feeding and feeding pressure changes, as well as the response differences at different developmental stages. The results are as follows: 1. the effects of different drying methods on the analysis of reed metabolomics are based on the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/ MS) technology, and the cryogenic cold storage is used as the control, and the vacuum cooling is analyzed. The effects of freeze-drying, drying at 45 degrees centigrade and silica gel drying on the results of metabolomics analysis of reed leaves, stem and root tissue samples. The results showed that the effect of vacuum freeze drying on the samples was minimal, only a significant effect on some metabolites in the leaf samples, but no significant influence on the metabolite composition in the rhizomes was not significantly affected. 45 degrees centigrade was dried. And the effect of silica gel drying on the metabolite composition of different tissue samples of reed is great. Therefore, vacuum freeze drying is more suitable for the drying treatment of reed metabolomics research samples. The metabolic response of.2. reed to different insect feeding pressure changes through feeding experiments, the different feeding pressure of reed moth and giant stink bug on reed leaf was studied. The results showed that the response of reed metabolism group to the change of feeding pressure of two insects was tissue specific, and the response of reed leaf metabolism group was more sensitive than that of stem and root metabolism group. In addition, reed tissues and two species of reeds treated by two insects were fed together by two species of insects. The tissues have different metabolic structure, but only under high feeding pressure. Further analysis of metabolite content shows that two kinds of insect feeding have significant influence on the metabolites of sugar, amino acids, lipids and organic acids in reed tissues. The effect of two insect feeding on some metabolites can show antagonism and synergistic interaction, which is related to the feeding pressure, and interact significantly under the high feeding pressure, but the interaction is not significant under the low feeding pressure. This is in accordance with the analysis results of metabolic response. The changes in the synthesis and transport distribution of reed metabolites in different tissues under different feeding pressures may be an important cause of the above phenomenon. The response strategy for the feeding of insects at different developmental stages of.3. reeds was studied by feeding experiments. The leaves, stems and root tissues of young and mature reeds were high and low in reed leaves, stems and roots. It was found that the metabolic response of the leaves and stems of the reed leaves and stems decreased significantly in the mature period, but the response of the roots increased slightly. After feeding on two insects, the young reed preferred to increase the sugar and amino acid content in the leaf tissues, while the mature reed would increase the sugars in the rhizomes. The results showed that reed had different response strategies for feeding on insects at different developmental stages. It was also found that the response of the metabolites of reed at different developmental stages to the change of insect feeding pressure was opposite and different. The effects of distribution and synthesis on the metabolic response of reed reed induced by.4. feeding on the development of the insect were studied. The effects of reed reed metabolism response on reed larvae development were studied. The results showed that reed larvae fed by reed moth and giant stink bug fed on the larvae of the two species. The development of the nymphs may have different effects, but not significant. The response of reed reed in the reed reed moth has an adverse effect on the weight increase and growth rate of the larvae, while the response of the reed reed induced by the giant stink bug on the increase of the weight of the nymphs is even influenced by the reed response. This indicates that the insect is feeding the reed reed generation. In response, the effect of reed insect interaction may be more complicated. Further research should be done. In summary, the results of this study reveal that the metabolic response of reed to different insect feeding and feeding pressure changes at different developmental stages can provide important reference for the study of plant prevention and control of insect feeding, and also for plant generation. Xie organization plays an important role in plant insect interactions.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：Q948.122

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