本文選題：聚焦超聲 + 造影劑微泡　； 參考：《深圳大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：聚焦超聲治療中靶區(qū)組織狀態(tài)對超聲參數(shù)具有很高的依賴性,當(dāng)超聲經(jīng)過人體組織到達(dá)治療靶區(qū)后,由于20-200mm的超聲路徑上組織介質(zhì)對超聲的聲衰減,造成關(guān)鍵的在位超聲參數(shù)未知。在開始治療前的預(yù)治療階段,針對不同體質(zhì)的病人,有必要獲取組織對治療超聲的聲衰減值,在正式開始治療時,補償治療超聲參數(shù),推進(jìn)精準(zhǔn)的個性化治療。針對此問題我們提出將生物可兼容的微泡作為體內(nèi)“探針”,利用其回波信號特征,估算組織聲衰減,從而推算出在位聲場參數(shù)。而不同病人個體的超聲回波信號會受到聲衰減、散射、聲速、灌注率等多個因素的影響,要從超聲回波信號中分離出聲衰減因子非常困難,本研究獨創(chuàng)性的提出利用造影劑微泡在聚焦超聲作用下產(chǎn)生的高特異性破壞動態(tài)行為,無創(chuàng)地估算組織聲衰減,確定在位聲場參數(shù),初步驗證了在正式治療開始時,利用預(yù)治療階段確定的有效聲衰減值對治療聲場參數(shù)進(jìn)行補償?shù)目尚行?對優(yōu)化聚焦超聲治療具有一定的科學(xué)指導(dǎo)意義。本研究針對聚焦超聲治療中關(guān)鍵的組織特征-組織聲衰減和治療靶區(qū)組織環(huán)境,設(shè)計出模擬人體臟器環(huán)境的可控的中空PVA仿體,制作了具有不同聲衰減值的硅膠仿體,可有效地模擬治療超聲路徑上不同體質(zhì)病人的組織�；陂_放式超聲系統(tǒng)Verasonics Vantage 256系統(tǒng)開發(fā)出高幀率高時長的平面波數(shù)據(jù)采集平臺,用于獲取微泡破壞過程中產(chǎn)生的豐富的動態(tài)行為數(shù)據(jù)。以中心頻率為1.12MHz的水囊探頭治療系統(tǒng)作為治療聲源,制定了治療超聲與成像超聲間的時序,在多參數(shù)組治療超聲的干預(yù)下,利用高幀率數(shù)據(jù)采集平臺獲取高時空分辨率的微泡回波信號,以平面波成像方式重建圖像,幀率高達(dá)1kHz。以圖像ROI中灰度信息的均方根值量化微泡的破壞程度,建立了龐大的微泡聲學(xué)響應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)庫。對比加入衰減材料硅膠仿體前后所獲得的微泡的破壞動態(tài)行為特征,分別利用圖像匹配、數(shù)學(xué)統(tǒng)計的方法在位估算出了多塊仿人體組織硅膠的聲衰減,與脈沖插入法標(biāo)定的聲衰減值相比,誤差都小于1.5dB,相應(yīng)的在位聲場的估計值誤差小于1.5dB;在一定的范圍內(nèi)改變微泡的濃度,具有一致的估計結(jié)果。本文初步探討了微泡的流動和基于2.1MHz多通道相控陣HIFU治療系統(tǒng),對在位聲場估計的影響。
[Abstract]:The tissue state of the target area is highly dependent on the ultrasonic parameters in the focused ultrasound treatment. When the ultrasound passes through the human body to the target area of the treatment, the attenuation of ultrasound is due to the tissue media on the ultrasonic path of 20-200mm. The key in situ ultrasonic parameters are unknown. In the pre-treatment stage before the beginning of treatment, it is necessary for patients with different physique to obtain the sound attenuation value of the tissue to the treatment ultrasound, to compensate the ultrasonic parameters of the treatment and to promote the accurate individualized treatment when the treatment is officially started. In order to solve this problem, we propose to use biocompatible microbubbles as a "probe" in vivo, using the characteristics of echo signal to estimate the attenuation of tissue sound, and then calculate the parameters of sound field in situ. However, the ultrasonic echo signal of different patients will be affected by many factors, such as sound attenuation, scattering, sound velocity, perfusion rate and so on, so it is very difficult to separate the sound attenuation factor from the ultrasonic echo signal. The purpose of this study is to present a highly specific destructive dynamic behavior produced by contrast agent microbubbles under focused ultrasound, to estimate tissue acoustic attenuation and to determine sound field parameters in situ, which is preliminarily verified at the beginning of formal treatment. The feasibility of compensating the parameters of the sound field by using the effective sound attenuation value determined in the pre-treatment stage has certain scientific guiding significance for optimizing the treatment of focused ultrasound. In this study, aiming at the key tissue characteristics of focused ultrasound therapy, tissue sound attenuation and target tissue environment, a controllable hollow PVA imitating human organ environment was designed, and silica gel imitating body with different sound attenuation values was made. It can effectively simulate the tissue of patients with different physique on ultrasonic pathway. Based on the open ultrasonic system Verasonics Vantage 256, a plane wave data acquisition platform with high frame rate, high time and long time is developed, which is used to obtain rich dynamic behavior data generated during the destruction of microbubbles. A water capsule probe therapy system with a central frequency of 1.12MHz was used as the sound source for the treatment. The timing between the therapeutic ultrasound and the imaging ultrasound was determined, and the intervention of the multi-parameter group was carried out. The high space-time resolution microbubble echo signal is obtained by using the high frame rate data acquisition platform, and the image is reconstructed by plane wave imaging. The frame rate is as high as 1 kHz. Based on the root mean square (RMS) of gray level information in image ROI, a large database of acoustic response of microbubbles is established. The dynamic behavior characteristics of microbubbles obtained before and after imitating silica gel were compared, and the sound attenuation of silicon gel was estimated by image matching and mathematical statistics respectively. Compared with the acoustic attenuation values calibrated by the pulse insertion method, the errors are less than 1.5 dB, and the estimation errors of the corresponding in-situ sound fields are less than 1.5 dB, and the estimation results are consistent when the concentration of microbubbles is changed in a certain range. In this paper, the effect of microbubble flow and multichannel phased array HIFU therapy system based on 2.1MHz on in situ sound field estimation is discussed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：深圳大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TB559;R454.3

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