本文選題：北海濕地社會—生態(tài)系統(tǒng) + 濕生植物多樣性��； 參考：《中央民族大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：濕地是水生、陸生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)相互交錯延伸形成的重疊空間區(qū)域,被稱為"地球之腎"。它是物種的基因庫,與海洋和森林并稱為全球三大生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。本文研究地——騰沖北海濕地,是國家首批公布的全國重點濕地之一,雖面積較小,但存在著我國西南地區(qū)唯一、國內(nèi)少見的一種獨特的濕地生態(tài)類型——高原漂浮狀苔草沼澤濕地。在我國西南部乃至全國具有突出的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)代表性和重要的科研價值。作為一個復雜的、具有適應性和不確定性的、不斷變化著的社會—生態(tài)系統(tǒng),北海濕地社會—生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的可持續(xù)性依賴于濕地與各個利益相關(guān)者之間的相互協(xié)調(diào)。這是一種復雜的多元立體的結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系,不能簡單的通過工程性思維加以解釋和改變。本文采用文獻調(diào)查法、參與式農(nóng)村評估、關(guān)鍵人物訪談法、野外調(diào)查、標本鑒別等方法,對北海濕地濕生植物資源及可持續(xù)性管理進行了研究。研究結(jié)果如下:1.北海濕地濕生植物資源現(xiàn)狀及變化。實地調(diào)查(2015年7-8月,2016年7-8月)共記錄濕地濕生植物44科73屬89種(含變種),莎草科、禾本科是優(yōu)勢種�？蓪⒃摰氐闹参锶郝浯笾路譃槌了参锶合�、浮水(葉)植物群系、挺水植物群系和雜類草群系共4大群系,33個群叢。調(diào)查結(jié)果中有36種物種不在2008年的《北海濕地省級自然保護區(qū)總體規(guī)劃》所列附錄中,有70種上述附錄所列濕生植物未調(diào)查到,除有調(diào)查范圍不同等客觀原因外,也表明北海濕地濕生植物物種發(fā)生了較大變化。2.濕地健康狀況變化。據(jù)濕地周邊社區(qū)居民觀察,濕地健康水平20年來呈下降趨勢,濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的維持受到挑戰(zhàn)。主要判斷依據(jù)為:(1)燕子花植物株高有所降低,數(shù)量減少;(2)席草過度蔓延;(3)部分草排連結(jié)成片;以及(4)紫莖澤蘭、鳳眼蓮等外來物入侵物種出現(xiàn)。本文通過實地調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)分析基本支持這一結(jié)論,但對燕子花和水蔥的推測還需更長時間、更多樣點的觀察。3.人為活動對北海濕地生態(tài)子系統(tǒng)的影響。研究顯示:此前延續(xù)多年的農(nóng)林牧漁復合社會—生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中,人類出于自身利益進行的經(jīng)濟活動對濕地生態(tài)的干預,對保持濕地生態(tài)健康、持續(xù)發(fā)展,產(chǎn)生的影響基本正面;北海濕地轉(zhuǎn)化為"自然保護區(qū)+公園"社會—生態(tài)系統(tǒng)后,其降低人類活動對濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的干擾,擴大北海濕地水面面積等生態(tài)保護目標,得以快速實現(xiàn);濕地社會—生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是一個人與自然互相作用的復雜適應系統(tǒng),具有不可預期性等多種特征,由于人類對自然界生態(tài)系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)化規(guī)律認知的歷史局限,某些被動開展的保護性措施(如攔水壩的建造、隔絕當?shù)厣鐓^(qū)對濕地濕生植物傳統(tǒng)方式的利用等)可能帶來破壞性的反效果。通過調(diào)查該濕地濕生植物多樣性及周邊社區(qū)居民對其資源利用方式,旨在全面了解濕地濕生植物資源的現(xiàn)狀及其變化原因,進一步探討資源利用與管理方式對濕地資源保護的作用與意義,并通過社會—生態(tài)系統(tǒng)(SESs)及彈韌性理論理解北海濕地社會—生態(tài)系統(tǒng),為當?shù)厣鐣鷳B(tài)系統(tǒng)可持續(xù)性及物種多樣性的利用等相關(guān)方面提供科學依據(jù)與數(shù)據(jù)支持,為當?shù)刭Y源管理部門的政策制定與實施提供理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Wetlands are aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems are mutually staggered overlapping extension of space form, known as the "kidney of the earth". It is the gene pool of species, and the sea and the forest and called three global ecosystem. The research of Tengchong Beihai wetland, wetland is one of the key national promulgated by the State Council. Although the area is small, but there is only the southwest area of our country, the domestic rare a unique wetland type - shaped floating plateau marsh wetland ecosystem. It has prominent representative and important scientific value in Southwest China and even the whole country. As a complex, adaptive and uncertainty. Social ecological system changing, the mutual coordination between the sustainability of social ecological system in Beihai wetland on wetland and various stakeholders. This is a complicated three-dimensional structure The relationship, not simply by engineering thinking explain and change. This paper uses the method of literature survey, participatory rural appraisal, key interviews, field investigation, specimen identification method of wetland plant resources in Beihai wetlands and sustainable management were studied. The results are as follows: 1. the status and changes of Beihai wetland wetland plants resource investigation. (2015 7-8, 2016 7-8 months) were recorded in wetland aquatic plants of 44 families 73 genera and 89 species (including varieties), Cyperaceae, Gramineae is the dominant species. The plant community can be roughly divided into submerged vegetation types, floating (leaf) plant formations, formations and aquatic plants a total of 4 large forbs formations, and 33 associations. The result of the investigation there are 36 species in the overall planning of the 2008 > < Beihai provincial Wetland Nature Reserve as listed in the appendix, there are 70 kinds of wetland plants listed in the appendix to the survey did not, in addition to a tune Check the range of different objective reasons, also indicating the changes of large changes in health status of Beihai.2. wetland wetland aquatic plant species. According to the observation of wetlands surrounding community residents, wetland health level showed a downward trend over the past 20 years, the wetland ecosystem maintenance challenge. Main basis for judgment: (1) the swallow flower plant height decreased, the decrease in the number of; (2) rush over the spread of; (3) the grass row link piece; and (4) Eupatorium adenophorum, Eichhornia crassipes foreign object invasive species. Through field survey data analysis support this conclusion, but to swallow the flowers and Tabernaemontani that still need more time, more influence the observation of.3. samples of human activities on Beihai wetland ecological system. It shows that the agricultural complex social ecological system to a continuation of the previous years, human beings for their own interests in the economic activities on the wetland ecosystem The intervention, sustainable development to maintain wetland ecosystem health, and the impact of basic positive; Beihai wetland into a "natural area Park +" social ecological system protection, reduce the interference of human activities on the ecological system of wetland, the expansion of the Beihai wetland surface area ecological protection goals, to realize social wetland; the ecological system is a complex adaptive system, man and nature interact with each other, can not be expected of a variety of characteristics, due to historical limitations of human cognitive law of natural ecological system transformation, to carry out some passive protective measures (such as dam construction, the use of local communities to isolated wetland aquatic vegetation in traditional way such as possible) the effect of anti damage. Through the use of its resources to investigate the wetland aquatic plant diversity and community residents, aimed at a comprehensive understanding of wetland resources and wetland plants The current situation and reasons for the changes, to further explore the role and significance of resource utilization and management of wetland resources protection, and through the social ecological system (SESs) and toughness of theoretical understanding of Beihai wetland social ecological system, for the local social ecological system and sustainable utilization of species diversity and other related aspects of providing scientific basis and the data support, and provide a theoretical basis for the development of local resources management departments to implement the policy.

【學位授予單位】：中央民族大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：Q948

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