本文選題：艾比湖　切入點：土壤呼吸速率　出處：《新疆師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：艾比湖是新疆第一大咸水湖,受到高鹽、干旱、沙化和大風的影響,導致該區(qū)域土壤、植被退化嚴重。它的生態(tài)安全穩(wěn)定直接威脅著新疆天山北坡經(jīng)濟帶的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,同時也是重建絲綢之路經(jīng)濟帶不可或缺的一部分。土壤呼吸是全球碳循環(huán)的重要環(huán)節(jié),近年來,關于干旱區(qū)湖泊濕地土壤碳循環(huán)逐漸受到重視,但是對于干旱區(qū)高鹽湖泊濕地土壤碳循環(huán)的研究大大滯后于其它地區(qū)。本研究在艾比湖鳥島管護站設置垂直于湖濱向南延伸4 km的縱向樣帶,選取典型植物群落蘆葦(Phragmites australis)和檉柳(Tamarix ramosissima)為研究對象,并設置裸地為對照組,于2015-2016年4月至11月,每月的中下旬利用碳通量監(jiān)測儀LI-840A(Li-cor公司,美國)對蘆葦、檉柳和裸地土壤呼吸速率進行連續(xù)24 h的監(jiān)測,并記錄和測定環(huán)境因子,研究土壤呼吸速率的日變化和季節(jié)變化規(guī)律,探討影響艾比湖濕地典型植物群落土壤呼吸速率變化規(guī)律的因素,以期為科學評價干旱半干旱區(qū)土壤碳循環(huán)提供基礎實驗數(shù)據(jù)和依據(jù)。主要結論如下:(1)蘆葦、檉柳和裸地不同生長周期土壤呼吸速率具有明顯的日變化,均呈不規(guī)則的單峰曲線形式;在萌芽期、迅速生長期、生長中期、旺盛期內土壤呼吸速率日均值大小依次為蘆葦檉柳裸地,而枯黃期和越冬期則為檉柳蘆葦裸地。蘆葦?shù)脑蕉�、檉柳的萌芽期和迅速生長期以及越冬期、裸地的所有生長周期在夜間出現(xiàn)負值,這說明蘆葦、檉柳和裸地在該監(jiān)測時段內土壤以某種方式吸收空氣中的CO2,產(chǎn)生碳匯現(xiàn)象。(2)蘆葦、檉柳和裸地土壤呼吸速率季節(jié)變化呈明顯的單峰型曲線形式,整個生長周期內,土壤呼吸速率蘆葦檉柳裸地,蘆葦和檉柳表現(xiàn)為碳排放過程,而裸地為碳吸收過程。(3)不同生長周期空氣溫度與蘆葦、檉柳和裸地土壤呼吸速率均呈顯著正相關性;而空氣相對濕度與土壤呼吸速率呈顯著負相關性(除蘆葦、檉柳和裸地的越冬期);與土壤溫度呈顯著相關性,且蘆葦Q10大于檉柳和裸地;與土壤含水量相關性不固定;與土壤鹽分和pH呈負相關;與土壤有機碳、全磷和銨態(tài)氮均呈正相關;與蘆葦和檉柳土壤硝態(tài)氮與呈負相關,而裸地呈正相關。土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、過氧化氫酶與土壤呼吸速率均呈顯著或不顯著正相關。(4)從整個生長周期來看,蘆葦、檉柳和裸地空氣溫度分別在22~35、23~30、24~34℃時,土壤溫度分別在21~33、21~29、23~36℃時,土壤含水量分別在3.8~14.9、2.2~24.9、0.2~10.9%時,有機碳含量在12.8~26.8、26.3~40.6、1.4~8 g/kg范圍內、脲酶分別達到0.18、0.14、0.1 mg/kg以上,磷酸酶分別達到0.33、0.75、0.03 mg/kg以上,過氧化氫酶分別達到2.05、5.59、2.57 mg/kg以上會促進土壤呼吸速率的產(chǎn)生;而當空氣相對濕度分別在42~69、52~75、33~80%時,鹽分分別達到24.7(鹽土20 g/kg)、22.5(鹽土)和7.6(中度鹽漬化6~10 g/kg)以上,pH值達到7.4以上會抑制土壤呼吸速率的產(chǎn)生。(5)蘆葦在不同生長周期影響其土壤呼吸速率日變化主導因子有土壤溫度、土壤含水量、空氣溫度;檉柳則為土壤溫度、空氣相對濕度和土壤含水量;裸地為土壤溫度和空氣溫濕度;而影響蘆葦土壤呼吸速率季節(jié)變化的環(huán)境因子為空氣溫度和空氣相對濕度;檉柳為空氣溫度、土壤溫度、銨態(tài)氮;裸地是由土壤溫度、硝態(tài)氮和過氧化氫酶起主導作用。(6)艾比湖高鹽湖泊生長季均表現(xiàn)出碳排放過程(除艾比湖裸地);生長季蘆葦、檉柳和裸地的CO2增溫潛勢GWPs分別為650.58、412.22和-3.97kg CO2/hm2,相對于其他研究區(qū)其排放量較小,對增強溫室效應的能力較小。
[Abstract]:Ebinur Lake is Xinjiang's largest saltwater lake, by high salinity, drought, desertification and the effects of strong winds, resulting in the regional soil, serious vegetation degradation. The ecological security and stability it directly threatens the sustainable development of the economic belt on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, but also the reconstruction of the Silk Road Economic Zone part of soil respiration is an important indispensable. Part of the global carbon cycle in recent years, in arid areas of Lake wetland soil carbon cycle has been paid more and more attention, but for the study of soil carbon cycling in arid area of high salt lake wetland has lagged behind other regions. This research station is arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal Lake extends southward like 4 km band in the Ebinur Lake Island and typical plants reed (Phragmites australis) and community Tamarix (Tamarix ramosissima) as the research object, and set the bare land as the control group, in the 2015-2016 years from April to November, every month in the late LI-840A carbon flux monitor (Li-cor company, USA) of reed, Tamarix chinensis and soil respiration rate of bare land was continuously monitored in 24 h, and record and determination of environmental factors, diurnal and seasonal variation of soil respiration rate, to explore influencing factors of the Ebinur Lake wetland plant communities were typical variation of soil respiration rate in order. Provide basic experimental data and the basis for soil carbon cycling in semi arid area of scientific evaluation of drought. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) reed, Tamarix chinensis and bare soil respiration rate in different growth period has obvious change, showed a single peak curve form irregular; in the germination period, growth period, growth period, soil respiration rate the daily mean size of exuberant period followed by reed Tamarix bare land, yellow and wintering period for Tamarix reed bare land. Winter reed, Tamarix chinensis germination period and the period of rapid growth and more In winter, all the growth cycle of bare land is negative in the night, the reed, Tamarix and bare in the monitoring period of soil in some way in the air to absorb CO2, produce carbon sink phenomenon. (2) reed, Tamarix chinensis and bare soil respiration rate change season showed a single peak curve form obvious, the whole growth cycle in the soil respiration rate of Tamarix Tamarix and reed reed land, for carbon emissions, and bare land as carbon sequestration. (3) in different growth periods of air temperature and reed, Tamarix and bare soil respiration rate showed a significant positive correlation; and the air relative humidity and soil respiration rate showed a significant negative correlation (except reed, Tamarix and bare in winter); showed significant correlation with soil temperature, and reed Q10 greater than Tamarix and bare soil; and soil moisture correlation is not fixed; and negatively correlated with soil salinity and soil pH and soil organic carbon, The total phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen were positively correlated with reed and Tamarix; soil nitrate nitrogen and negatively related, and bare land were positively correlated. Soil urease, phosphatase, was not significantly correlated with catalase. Soil respiration rate was (4) reed from the whole growth cycle, Tamarix, and bare air temperature at 22~35,23~30,24~34 DEG C, soil temperature respectively at 21~33,21~29,23~36 DEG C, soil moisture in 3.8~14.9,2.2~24.9,0.2~10.9%, organic carbon content in the 12.8~26.8,26.3~40.6,1.4~8 g/kg range, urease reached 0.18,0.14,0.1 above mg/kg, phosphatase reached 0.33,0.75,0.03 above mg/kg, catalase reached 2.05,5.59,2.57 above mg/kg will promote the soil respiration rate; and when the air the relative humidity in 42~69,52~75,33~80%, salinity reached 24.7 (20 g/kg, 22.5 (saline) and saline (7.6) 6~10 g/kg), moderate Salinization Soil pH value reached more than 7.4 inhibited soil respiration rate. (5) reed in the different growth cycle affect the soil respiration rate of dominant factor of soil temperature, soil moisture, air temperature, soil temperature; Tamarix, air relative humidity and soil water content for bare land; soil temperature and air temperature and humidity; environmental factors affect the change of soil respiration rate for reed seasonal air temperature and relative humidity; for Tamarix air temperature, soil temperature, soil ammonium nitrogen; by soil temperature, nitrate nitrogen and hydrogen peroxide enzyme plays a leading role. (6) the Ebinur Lake High Salt Lake Ji Jun show the carbon emissions (except the Ebinur Lake bare land); growth Ji Luwei, Tamarix and bare CO2 warming potential of GWPs 650.58412.22 and -3.97kg CO2/hm2 respectively, compared to the other of its emissions is small, to increase The power of a strong greenhouse effect is small.

【學位授予單位】：新疆師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：Q948.1

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